Browsing by Author "Covenant University Dissertation"

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A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF EXPERIENTIAL AND CELEBRITY MARKETING IN NIGERIA
(Covenant University Ota, 2025-04) GBEREVBIE REJOICE EGEHELE; Covenant University Dissertation
Experiential and Celebrity Marketing are one of the major marketing strategies adopted by advertisers such as Coca-Cola and Pepsi to attract consumers to their products. While Celebrity Marketing looks promising and a quicker way to get consumers, it might not prove to be a long-term solution for an audience seeking the physical experience of a product. The study aimed to develop a nuanced understanding of the differences between experiential and celebrity marketing focusing on their distinct impacts on consumer perception, purchase behaviour and brand positioning across different personality types. The study made use of two distinct methods which are Myer-Briggs (MBTI) personality test and Solomon four quasi-experimental design. 256 respondents who fit all 16 MBTI personality types were purposely selected through the use of questionnaires, this informed the focus group process for Solomon four quasi-experimental design. After which a comparison was carried out with the result from the different personality types who responded to both Experiential and Celebrity Marketing treatments across the same three metrics. The result revealed various personality types that function well with a marketing strategy e.g ENFJ, ENFP and ENTJ etc. The results also revealed that personality traits significantly influence how individuals respond to different advertising strategies even in controlled settings.
ASSESSMENT OF HEALING ARCHITECTURE STRATEGIES FOR THE DESIGN OF ORIKI GROUP WELLNESS CENTRE, JABI, ABUJA, NIGERIA
(Covenant University Ota, 2025-06) INI-UKIM, Didarabasi Esther; Covenant University Dissertation
This study investigates the implementation of healing architecture strategies in the design of a wellness centre located in Jabi, Abuja, with a focus on enhancing users’ physical, emotional, and mental well-being. The study grounded in Biophilic Design Theory and Therapeutic Landscape Theory explores how nature-integrated and sensory design elements promote health and wellbeing. The research reviewed literature and relevant theoretical frameworks to reveal elements such as natural and artificial lighting, ventilation, biophilic elements, acoustic comfort, colour psychology and spatial coherence play crucial roles in a therapeutic environment to support physical and mental balance. A comparative analysis of international and domestic case studies to evaluate how these strategies have been implemented in existing wellness centres around the world including SHA Wellness Clinic, Chiva-Som, Mii Amo and Abuja based centres such as Nisa Wellness Retreat, Beauty Secrets MedSpa, and JVee Wellness Spa. Findings from the analysis showed Nisa Wellness Retreat and Beauty Secrets MedSpa demonstrated stronger biophilic and therapeutic elements compared to JVee Wellness Spa. Structured questionnaires were administered to assess user perception of these healing architecture strategies, and the responses were analysed using descriptive statistics and reliability tests (Cronbach’s Alpha = 0.856). The results indicate users highly value natural lighting, quietness, ventilation and exposure to nature, as these strategies contribute significantly to relaxation, mental clarity and overall comfort. The research offers valuable design insights for architects and developers seeking to incorporate healing architecture strategies therapeutic environments.
ASSESSMENT OF PEDESTRIAN CIRCULATION STRATEGIES IN THE DESIGN OF HIGH-SPEED TRAIN TERMINAL, IJOKO, NIGERIA
(Covenant University Ota, 2025-07) Nzeh Millicent Eberechukwu; Covenant University Dissertation
Urban public transportation availability, which has tremendous potential to replace private vehicle use, is a dire need in the 21st Century. This is because of the continuous increase in global urbanisation. The heartbeat of transit systems within large cities is train terminals, which have gained prominence since the Industrial Era. However, minute consideration has been given to the planning of pedestrian circulation and the unique requirements of passengers within train terminals, posing a threat to the safety and efficiency of these transportation systems. Therefore, the aim of this study is to evaluate pedestrian circulation in existing train terminals with a view to implementing strategies that enhance user experience in the design of a high-speed train terminal in Ijoko, Ogun. A mixed-method approach is adopted as the research approach, involving the qualitative and quantitative aspects. The qualitative aspect involved examining and obtaining data from three selected Nigerian train terminals and four foreign train terminals used as the case studies. Conversely, quantitative data were harnessed by a questionnaire from fifty-five users of train stations. For a comprehensive analysis of the quantitative data, version 27 of the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) software was used. Tables, figures and plates were utilised to present the research results effectively. The mean ranking of the implemented pedestrian circulation strategies within the three local case studies was computed using SPSS. Similarly, the pedestrian circulation strategies’ portion of variance and sphericity of correlation matrix were also thoroughly computed through the Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin’s (KMO) and Bartlett’s tests, respectively. The appropriate size and positioning of vertical circulation and horizontal circulation systems, as well as the availability of signage showing the building’s functional spaces, are some of the pertinent pedestrian circulation strategies that influence satisfaction with the overall user experience in train terminals. This research study deeply explores important considerations for optimal pedestrian circulation through the proposal of an architectural design of a high-speed train terminal in Ogun State, Nigeria. The findings will be useful to built industry professionals involved in the design of high-speed train terminals. Three of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) are advocated for in this study, which are the ninth goal of “industry, innovation, and infrastructure”; the eleventh goal of “sustainable cities and communities”; and the third goal of “good health and well-being”
ASSESSMENT OF REGENERATIVE ARCHITECTURE PRINCIPLES AND USER WELL-BEING FOR THE DESIGN OF NATIONAL WELLNESS HOTEL IN JABI, ABUJA
(Covenant University Ota, 2025-07) Olukayode, Bisola Grace; Covenant University Dissertation
Architects, construction industry experts, and their clients are increasingly interested in regenerative design, which shows much promise for a new era of sustainable and positiveimpact architecture. Similarly, the wellness market is growing exponentially as customers prioritise their health and well-being and seek wellness experiences more frequently in the post-COVID-19 era. Integrating hospitality, healthcare, and regenerative design functions has become a well-acknowledged phenomenon in the built environment. Therefore, this research aims to implement regenerative architecture principles (RAPs) into the design of a wellness hotel in Abuja, Nigeria, to enhance users’ well-being. The following objectives will achieve this aim; examining the applicability of regenerative architecture principles to hotel designs; identifying the regenerative architecture principles in a wellness hotel; analysing the impact of regenerative architecture design principles on user well-being in wellness hotels, and implementing the research findings to develop an innovative wellness hotel that enhances user well-being. The research adopts a pragmatic philosophy and a mixed-methods approach, utilising a case study design that includes three wellness facilities—Nisa Wellness Retreat, Jvee Wellness and Spa, and Evenana Wellness. Data were collected through questionnaires, interviews, and observation checklists, with analysis conducted using SPSS for quantitative data and thematic frameworks for qualitative data. Findings from the case study reveal that while there is an average implementation of certain regenerative architecture principles, such as passive design strategies, use of local materials, and renewable energy sources, other principles relating to water management and inclusive design are underutilised. The analysis from the interviews and questionnaires demonstrates a significantly strong relationship between user well-being and regenerative architecture in hospitality spaces. Key barriers to implementing RAPs include a lack of awareness and contextual suitability, resource and knowledge limitations, and material and design complexity. This research highlights the benefits of adopting RAPs to promote user well-being in wellness spaces. The findings provide policymakers, design professionals, and relevant stakeholders with a framework for implementing regenerative principles in future hotel developments in Nigeria and other similar contexts. However, this study is not without its limitations, as the scope of the study was limited to three small to medium-scale wellness facilities in Abuja. The limited availability of largescale wellness hotels in Nigeria constrained the selection of case studies. Additionally, the research focused solely on Abuja's wellness facilities, which may not fully reflect regenerative practices in Nigeria's other geographic and socio-economic regions. Future research should be carried out to investigate the adoption of RAPs across varying hospitality facilities in diverse climes and contexts within Nigeria and West Africa. Longitudinal studies are also highly recommended to measure the extended impact of regenerative principles on user well-being over time. Additionally, researchers could delve deeper into the lifecycle assessments of regenerative-focused policy frameworks in hospitality architecture.
ASSESSMENT OF THE UTILISATION OF SUSTAINABLE ENERGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION IN SOUTHERN NIGERIA
(Covenant University Ota, 2025-01) OBANOR ENOCH IWINOSA; Covenant University Dissertation
This study evaluates renewable energy adoption across Ogun, Lagos, Edo, and Delta states using a mixed-methods approach. A bibliometric analysis of 424 research publications (2014–2024) revealed that solar energy was the most studied topic (35%), followed by hydropower (25%) and bioenergy (20%). The analysis identified a 32% increase in renewable energy publications since 2019, with 62% of highly cited papers focusing on policy and deployment strategies. Citation mapping indicated that the top 10 research institutions contributed 47% of all renewable energy studies, highlighting the concentration of expertise in specific regions. Survey data from 387 respondents indicated that 68% lacked reliable electricity access, while 78% relied on traditional biomass or fossil fuels. Among respondents, 62% expressed willingness to adopt solar energy if installation costs were reduced by at least 40%. However, only 23% were aware of existing renewable energy policies, and 54% rated government efforts as inadequate. In terms of energy satisfaction, only 9% of respondents rated their current energy sources as highly adequate, while 36% described them as moderate, and 21% rated them as low. The study further analysed energy availability across Nigerian states. Lagos, Ogun, Edo, and Delta states experience an average of 12–18 hours of electricity outages per day, forcing 74% of households to rely on generators as backup power sources despite Nigeria’s solar radiation potential of 3.5–7.0 kWh/m². Alignment with Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) 7 and 13 was assessed, revealing that only 19% of publications explicitly addressed energy access and climate change mitigation, while survey results showed that 69% of respondents were unaware of Nigeria’s commitment to SDGs. Projections based on current adoption rates estimate that, if key policy recommendations, energy access in Southern Nigeria could rise from 32% to over 70% by 2035 and fossil fuel dependency could decline by 55%. This research shows that achieving an efficient renewable energy transition requires urgent policy interventions, enhanced financial incentives, and strengthened institutional frameworks.
ASSESSMENT OF THERAPEUTIC ARCHITECTURE STRATEGIES FOR THE DESIGN OF A MEDICAL RESORT FOR PLATEAU STATE GOVERNMENT IN JOS, NIGERIA
(Covenant University Ota, 2025-07) Agyo, Ladidi Sonia; Covenant University Dissertation
The increasing global demand for healthcare environments that support holistic healing emphasizes the importance of therapeutic architecture in health facility design. However, in Nigeria, especially in Jos, Plateau State, there remains a knowledge gap in application of therapeutic architectural strategies particularly in medical resorts, which are both limited in number and essential for providing holistic healthcare. This study addresses this problem by assessing the extent to which therapeutic architecture strategies are applied in selected healthoriented facilities and explores how these findings can inform the design of a medical resort that enhances user well-being. Therefore, the study aims to assess therapeutic architecture strategies for the design of a medical resort in Jos, plateau state. With the objectives to identify therapeutic features in existing facilities, assess their implementation and evaluate their impact on users perceived well-being. The research utilizes a pragmatic research philosophy and a mixed-method approach. Data was collected through observation guides, questionnaires, and case studies in order too comprehensively gather data within the study area. A total of 300 respondents which included patients, healthcare practitioners, and visitors participated in the study. The research revealed that therapeutic architectural strategies positively impact user perceived well-being. However, the level of application varies significantly across facilities. The study also revealed a high correlation between user satisfaction and the perceived effectiveness of therapeutic architecture strategies indicating that This impact is mediated by user satisfaction with the implementation of these strategies. Challenges identified an inconsistent design quality in the application of therapeutic architecture strategies. Despite these, the research demonstrates that integrating user centered therapeutic design can enhance health outcomes and contribute meaningfully to the health and wellness based sector. The study is limited to three indigenous healthcare facilities and one health resort in Jos, and three foreign case studies. Future research should conduct a longitudinal assessment of the impact of therapeutic environments over time. This study provides practical insights for architects, healthcare planners, and policymakers, contributing to the development of a medical resort that supports wellbeing, comfort, and sustainable health infrastructure in Jos, Plateau State.
BUSINESS PROCESS REENGINEERING AND SUSTAINABILITY OF OUTSOURCING ORGANISATION IN LAGOS STATE, NIGERIA. A STUDY OF HUGO INC
(Covenant University Ota, 2025-03) OKWARAOGOMA REGAN OGADINMA; Covenant University Dissertation
This research focused on the influence of business process reengineering on outsourcing organization: A study of Hugo Inc. Companies need to survive the test of time in business practices and having operational efficiency, so process reengineering can help them in achieving this. Business process reengineering is typically used to boost business agility, responsiveness, and customer satisfaction with improved goods and services. Sustainability is connected to the ability to run a production process over a period of time. Some of the problems BPR is trying to address are client satisfaction, process implementation, operational and resource management. The purpose of this study is to know how process reengineering can lead to sustainability for outsourcing organization. Organization understands the importance of profit and having customer base, and must understand that it is important to design operation to ensure both factors are not affected. The key variables in the study are value creation, process ownership and customer focus connected to business process reengineering, while economic, environmental and social variables are connected to sustainability, these are explored in relation to each other and their connection to the problem. The theory utilized in the study are the triple bottom line and stakeholders’ theory was used in this study to provide the theoretical foundation to this study. A quantitative survey method was adopted for this study. The population of the study comprised of 850 employees and questionnaires was administered to a sample size of 272 employees using purposive and simple random sampling technique. Results showed there is a positive relationship between process reengineering and sustainability. The study is to push outsourcing organizations to review their system of operation to constantly overcome challenges and be productive in their operation. Therefore, there is need to constantly review, update, recommend and adjust the process of operation.
CIRCULAR ECONOMY STRATEGIES AND SUSTAINABLE RESOURCE MANAGEMENT: A STUDY OF SELECTED SYNTHETIC HAIR PRODUCTION COMPANIES IN LAGOS, NIGERIA
(Covenant University Ota, 2025-04) LAWAL ODUNAYO RUTH; Covenant University Dissertation
The synthetic hair production industry in Lagos, Nigeria, faces significant challenges in sustainable resource management due to its reliance on fossil-based polymers, leading to inefficiencies in operational processes, resource utilization, and waste management. This study employed a mixed-methods approach, utilizing both quantitative and qualitative data collection techniques. Surveys were conducted among employees, managers, and consumers of synthetic hair products, complemented by semi-structured interviews to gain deeper insights into their practices and perceptions. The research findings reveal that implementing Circular Economy (CE) strategies can significantly enhance operational efficiency, resource utilization, and waste reduction while promoting responsible consumption behaviors. Specifically, product circularity improves operational processes by reducing the need for new raw materials and minimizing waste. Process circularity optimizes resource use through the incorporation of recycled materials and adoption of eco-friendly manufacturing techniques, while supply chain circularity effectively reduces waste by implementing closed-loop systems and enhancing material recovery. These findings imply that adopting CE practices can lead to substantial improvements in sustainability and efficiency within the synthetic hair sector, contributing to environmental conservation and economic benefits. Therefore, the study recommends that synthetic hair production companies invest in advanced recycling infrastructure, prioritize designing products with durability and recyclability, engage consumers through education on sustainable practices, and foster stronger collaborations with suppliers to create sustainable supply chains. These steps will help achieve long-term sustainability goals and set a precedent for other industries to follow.
CIRCULAR ECONOMY STRATEGIES AND SUSTAINABLE RESOURCE MANAGEMENT: A STUDY OF SELECTED SYNTHETIC HAIR PRODUCTION COMPANIES IN LAGOS, NIGERIA
(Covenant University Ota, 2025-04) LAWAL ODUNAYO RUTH; Covenant University Dissertation
The synthetic hair production industry in Lagos, Nigeria, faces significant challenges in sustainable resource management due to its reliance on fossil-based polymers, leading to inefficiencies in operational processes, resource utilization, and waste management. This study employed a mixed-methods approach, utilizing both quantitative and qualitative data collection techniques. Surveys were conducted among employees, managers, and consumers of synthetic hair products, complemented by semi-structured interviews to gain deeper insights into their practices and perceptions. The research findings reveal that implementing Circular Economy (CE) strategies can significantly enhance operational efficiency, resource utilization, and waste reduction while promoting responsible consumption behaviors. Specifically, product circularity improves operational processes by reducing the need for new raw materials and minimizing waste. Process circularity optimizes resource use through the incorporation of recycled materials and adoption of eco-friendly manufacturing techniques, while supply chain circularity effectively reduces waste by implementing closed-loop systems and enhancing material recovery. These findings imply that adopting CE practices can lead to substantial improvements in sustainability and efficiency within the synthetic hair sector, contributing to environmental conservation and economic benefits. Therefore, the study recommends that synthetic hair production companies invest in advanced recycling infrastructure, prioritize designing products with durability and recyclability, engage consumers through education on sustainable practices, and foster stronger collaborations with suppliers to create sustainable supply chains. These steps will help achieve long-term sustainability goals and set a precedent for other industries to follow.
DEVELOPMENT OF AN AUTONOMOU AGENT FOR A NUMBER STRATEGY GAME USING DEEP Q-NETWORK
(Covenant University Ota, 2025-03) NKWOR, JANE CHINELO; Covenant University Dissertation
Deep Q-Networks (DQNs) have emerged as a pivotal reinforcement learning algorithm for training autonomous agents in complex decision-making tasks. This study investigates the application of Deep Q-Networks in Numero, a number strategy game that requires logical reasoning and iterative feedback processing. Numero is a number strategy game where players predict an opponent's secret four-digit number in the fewest steps possible by analysing feedback and refining strategies. The study explores Numero's unique challenges, such as sparse reward structures, high-dimensional state-action spaces, and non-deterministic feedback mechanisms. To address these challenges, a Deep Q-Network algorithm augmented with Prioritised Experience Replay(PER) was designed and developed to enhance sample efficiency by prioritising critical experiences during training. The autonomous agent interacts with the custom environment, sampling mini-batches from the replay buffer, performing backpropagation, and updating Q-values to improve decision-making. Hyperparameters, such as learning rate, discount factor, replay buffer and exploration rate, were tuned to optimise the agent's learning efficiency. Comparative analysis was conducted using Reservoir Sampling without Replacement and the Minimax algorithm as a baseline approach. Experimental results show that the algorithm achieved a higher success rate (correctly predicted numbers) and faster convergence than Minimax, reducing the average number of steps required to guess the secret number by more than 100%. Additionally, this algorithm demonstrated superior adaptability in handling dynamic feedback, outperforming Reservoir sampling in long-term decision-making. These findings reveal the effectiveness of Deep Q-Networks in structured feedback-driven environments, suggesting their potential application in logical reasoning and decision-making tasks and that the autonomous agent learns effective decision-making strategies through iterative training and fine-tuning, demonstrating improved performance in predicting the opponent's secret number. Further research directions include extending this approach to multi-agent settings where multiple autonomous agents can compete or collaborate to refine their strategic reasoning and explore its application in real-world scenarios requiring structured feedback processing.
DEVELOPMENT OF SUSTAINABLE ECO-CONCRETE WITH KENAF FIBRE AND COATED RECYCLED CONCRETE AGGREGATE
(Covenant University Ota, 2025-06) TAIWO-ABDUL DAMILOLA OMOZUAWO; Covenant University Dissertation
The urgent global demand for sustainable infrastructure has driven innovations in eco-efficient construction materials. This study explores the development of high-performance, sustainable concrete by integrating pozzolanic-treated recycled concrete aggregates (RCA) and kenaf fibre as eco-friendly alternatives to natural coarse aggregates and synthetic reinforcements. The research addresses the inherent limitations of RCA—such as high porosity, residual mortar, and weak interfacial zones—through a surface modification technique involving a blended calcined clay-cement slurry. Simultaneously, kenaf fibre is incorporated to enhance the tensile and flexural properties of the concrete matrix. Concrete mixes were produced with varying RCA replacement levels (30%, 45%, 60%, and 90%) using both untreated and pozzolanic-treated RCA. Comprehensive characterisation, including X-ray fluorescence (XRF), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), was employed to assess material and microstructural properties. Mechanical performance was evaluated through compressive, tensile, and flexural strength tests, alongside water absorption and density tests for durability analysis. Statistical optimisation using Response Surface Methodology (RSM) and ANOVA determined the influence of treatment and fibre incorporation on concrete performance. The results indicate that pozzolanic treatment significantly improved RCA concrete properties, with optimal performance observed at 45–60% RCA replacement. Treated mixes achieved a 28-day compressive strength of 36 MPa, a 5.3 MPa split tensile strength, and reduced water absorption to 3%, reflecting improved durability and structural integrity. These enhancements demonstrate the synergy between calcined clay treatment and natural fibre reinforcement. This study substantiates the viability of producing eco-concrete with treated RCA and kenaf fibre, promoting circularity, reducing carbon footprint, and contributing to sustainable development goals. It provides a framework for future applications in structural concrete, aligning with low-carbon construction practices.
EFFCTS OF DIGITAL PAYMENT AND FINANCIAL INCLUSION ON ECONOMIC GROWTH IN SELECTED WEST AFRICAN COUNTRIES
(Covenant University Ota, 2025-04) ADEKOYA, Oluwasegun Ayomide; Covenant University Dissertation
This study examined the effect of digital payment and financial inclusion on economic growth in selected West African countries. The financial sector remains a key driver of economic growth globally, especially as countries employ more technology-driven systems; this shift has profound effects across all sectors, including the financial sector. Meanwhile, despite the ongoing policy efforts to promote digital transactions, West Africa still lags behind in financial inclusion as compared to the global standards. Hence, the study examined the interactive effect of digital payment and financial inclusion on economic growth in selected West African countries. This study employed the Pooled Ordinary Least Squares (POLS) estimation technique to analyse data for ten (10) West African countries from 2014 to 2022. The data was sourced from the World Bank’s World Development Indicators. The explanatory variables used in the model were; mobile transfer payment, mobile money, account ownership at a financial institution or with a mobile-moneyservice provider, labour force and gross fixed capital formation, the dependent variable was real gross domestic product. The findings of the study revealed that both digital payments and financial inclusion independently contribute positively and significantly to economic growth. However, the interaction of digital payments (proxied by mobile transfers) and financial inclusion had a negative and statistically significant impact on economic growth. In contrast, the interaction of mobile money and financial inclusion showed a positive and significant effect on economic growth. The study concludes thus, that the interactive effect between digital payment and financial inclusion has a positive impact on economic growth in the selected West African countries. Based on the findings, this study recommended that mobile money offers a stronger economic potential, and should therefore, be used more as a preferred digital payment channel to enhance financial inclusion and economic expansion in West Africa. The study concluded that economic growth will be boosted if digital payments is strengthened more in financial inclusivity
EFFECTS OF FINANCIAL TECHNOLOGY, AGENT BANKING ON FINANCIAL INCLUSION IN NIGERIA
(Covenant University Ota, 2025-03) OBABUEKI OSARUGUE PEACE; Covenant University Dissertation
This study investigates the relationship between financial technology, agent banking, and financial inclusion. Employing secondary data from the Central Bank of Nigeria and Federal Reserve Economic Data, the research utilises the Granger causality test to analyse the period between 2012–2022. The findings reveal that POS transactions significantly affect mobile money account ownership, and mobile money operations exhibit the strongest positive relationship with financial inclusion. Although ATMs are widely used, their impact on financial inclusion is limited by high transaction costs and operational challenges. Mobile account ownership drives web banking usage significantly, but web banking transactions do not significantly impact mobile account ownership. The study recommends enhancing digital infrastructure, promoting financial literacy, and expanding agent networks to bridge regional disparities. By leveraging technological advancements, Nigeria can achieve broader financial inclusion and foster equitable economic growth
ENHANCEMENT OF FINGERPRINT TEMPLATE PROTECTION AND PRIVACY PRESERVATION USING FULLY HOMOMORPHIC ENCRYPTION
(Covenant University Ota, 2025-03) ITUH NICOL IGNATIUS; Covenant University Dissertation
The transition from conventional or token-based passwords to biometric technologies because of the advantageous characteristics of biometrics traits is increasing daily. Nowadays, biometric technologies are utilised in applications such as border control, e-banking, e-health, etc. Biometric traits comprise biological traits (iris, face, fingerprint, etc) and behavioural traits (keystroke, signature, voice, etc). In contrast to other biometric traits, the fingerprint is the most utilised in most applications. Despite the advantages, biometric technologies have their drawbacks. The biometric data of an individual is unique since no two people have the same biometrics, and compromising this biometric data could have devastating results. This issue was addressed using the implementation of the Paillier cryptosystem, a partial homomorphic encryption scheme which only involves addition operations. This implementation suffers drawbacks when faced with complex computations such as the multiplication of two ciphertexts and faces ciphertext noise growth due to these complex computations. Thus, a need for fully homomorphic encryption which handles complex computation and manages noise growth through several techniques. This research work is aimed at enhancing fingerprint template protection and privacy preservation using fully homomorphic encryption. The proposed system was developed utilising the Brakerski/Fan-Vercauteren fully homomorphic encryption scheme implemented using the OpenFHE-Python library. The system was evaluated using the Neurotechnology CrossMatch dataset according to performance metrics including Accuracy, Genuine Acceptance Rate (GAR) and Equal Error Rate (EER). Results indicated that the Neurotechnology CrossMatch dataset achieved an accuracy of 84%, GAR of 84%, and EER of 16%. Therefore, the implementation of fully homomorphic encryption in biometrics achieves adequate accuracy despite both the encryption and decryption processes, thereby safeguarding the template, and preserving the user’s privacy.
ETHICAL LEADERSHIP AND EMPLOYEES’ ENGAGEMENT IN ADO/ODO OTA LOCAL GOVERNMENT COUNCIL, OGUN STATE, NIGERIA
(Covenant University Ota, 2025-03) DAVID OLUWABIMPE OMOLAYO; Covenant University Dissertation
Ethical leadership is considered one of the critical determinants of Employees’ engagement, especially within the public sector, where the manifestation of unethical practices erodes trust, reduces motivation, and, in essence, undermines the performance of such organisations. This study explored ethical leadership and Employees’ engagement within Ado/Odo Ota Local Government Council, Ogun State, Nigeria, as it relates to impediments to ethical leadership, strategies for strengthening Employees’ engagement, and environmental drivers that influence ethical leadership adoption. Quantitative data from 189 employees were collected through structured questionnaire, while qualitative insights were gathered from seven key informants who were department heads and senior administrators. Quantitative data analysis was done using SPSS 27, and thematic analysis of qualitative data was performed using ATLAS.ti 25. The results indicate that ethical leadership is significantly and positively related to Employees’ engagement, as evidenced by a correlation coefficient of 0.245, p = 0.001. The study considered political interference, resource constraints, and socio-cultural norms as critical impediments to ethical leadership in Nigerian local governance. In addition, this study identified the need for clearly defined ethics policies, ongoing leadership training, incentive structures, and enhanced transparency mechanisms necessary to establish an ethical organisational culture. This study adds much value to the theory by pushing forward the discussion of ethical leadership in public administration and governance. It thus gave empirical evidence that ethical leadership enhances Employees’ engagement by instilling employee trust, accountability, and professionalism. The findings have implications for policymakers and human resource managers in formulating targeted interventions to mitigate leadership challenges and promote a more engaged workforce in local government settings. This study has established ethical leadership as influencing Employees’ engagement in Ado/Odo Ota LGC. However, considering the geographical focus, the study concludes that future research should be expanded to broader contexts to enhance the generalisability of findings and further explore the nuanced relationship between ethical leadership and Employees’ engagement across diverse institutional settings.
EVALUATION OF ACOUSTIC STRATEGIES FOR THE DESIGN OF CHRIST EMBASSY YOUTH CHURCH, IKEJA LAGOS, NIGERIA
(Covenant University Ota, 2025-07) Agbateyiniro, Dede Emmanuela; Covenant University Dissertation
EVALUATION OF AFROCENTRIC ARCHITECTURAL ELEMENTS FOR THE DESIGN OF OYO STATE CULTURAL CENTRE IN IBADAN, NIGERIA
(Covenant University Ota, 2025-07) OMOTAYO, Jeremiah John; Covenant University Dissertation
This study examined the integration of Afrocentric architectural elements for the design of a cultural centre in Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria. The research aimed to examine how the traditional elements can be incorporated to enhance cultural identity while aligning with modern architectural standards and building regulations. The study objectives include: evaluating the adequacy of Nigerian building regulations in supporting Afrocentric architectural integration; assessing the extent to which Afrocentric elements are implemented in selected cultural centres; analysing user satisfaction with Afrocentric architectural elements in the selected cultural centre; and developing a design framework that integrates Afrocentric design elements into an architectural design proposal of a cultural centre in Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria. The study adopted a qualitative research methodology employing literature review, site observation, and structured interview to collect data. Six domestic and international cultural centres were investigated of the study, they include: Oyo State Cultural Centre, New Culture Studios, Terra Kulture, Franco- Sénégalaise Cultural Centre, the National Museum of African American History and Culture (NMAAHC) and the African Cultural Heritage Centre. Observational data was collected through documenting Afrocentric motifs, materials, spatial layouts, and user interactions. Structured interviews with nine staff and visitors at the domestic cultural centres provided insights into user perceptions and experiences. The literature review drew from relevant texts and policies, including the National Building Code (2006) and Oyo State Building Regulations (2019). Content analysis was employed to systematically evaluate the observational data collected from site visits. Thematic analysis was used to interpret interview responses, while regulatory texts were content analysed to assess their provisions for Afrocentric architecture. Textual analysis was employed to examine the data from the literature review. Findings were presented through narratives, tables, drawings, photos, 3-dimentional animations and a physical model. Results reveal that the National Building Code lacks Afrocentric specificity, while Oyo State regulations offer limited cultural guidance. Afrocentric elements were partially implemented across selected cultural centres, with users expressing high satisfaction and noting enhanced experiences. Findings from the research inform an architectural design proposal demonstrating how Afrocentric elements can be effectively integrated into a cultural centre. The study contributes to the discourse on culturally responsive architecture, aiming to preserve Yoruba heritage while promoting aesthetic and functional excellence in contemporary design.
EVALUATION OF AFROCENTRIC STRATEGIES FOR THE DESIGN OF COMMUNITY CENTRE FOR COMMUNITY PLANNING AND DESIGN INITIATIVE, SATELLITE TOWN, LAGOS
(Covenant University Ota, 2025-07) Ihewulezi, Fortune Onyinyechi; Covenant University Dissertation
The underrepresentation of African cultural identity in contemporary architecture has led to growing interest in Afrocentric design approaches. Afrocentricity is the primary standpoint specifically addressing that spaces and buildings should resonate with the local community’s identity, pride and heritage while ensuring that it is standardized. This study aimed to evaluate the adoption of Afrocentric design strategies with the purpose to improve user wellbeing leading to its integration in the design of a community centre in Satellite Town and addressed these objectives which are to analyze level of adoption of afro-centric design strategies in community centres, assess the overall wellbeing of the users of the community centres and to establish a relationship between afro-centric design strategies and user wellbeing in community centres in Lagos mainland. This research adopted a pragmatic philosophy employing mixed method and a qualitative approach to explore Afrocentric design strategies for user wellbeing in a Lagos Mainland Community centre. Utilizing stratified random sampling method, the study focused on 318 respondents from three community centres employing the use of questionnaires, observation guide and case studies to comprehensively collect data within the study area. The scope encompasses the community needs, heritage preservation in its surroundings by incorporating the Afrocentric design strategies, the findings show that integrating indigenous symbols, spatial hierarchies, and community participation enhances both cultural relevance and environmental responsiveness and opportunities for the creation of community centres that are Africa-centred within the specified area and considered wellbeing of the users. The study recommends that architects adopt Afrocentric design principles, planners integrate culturally sensitive policies into urban frameworks, and communities actively engage in co-creating spaces that reflect their heritage.
EVALUATION OF ENERGY EFFICIENCY STRATEGIES FOR THE DESIGN OF GUILDANCE COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT FOUNDATION COMMUNITY CENTER, AGO, LAGOS, NIGERIA
(Covenant University Ota, 2025-07) Demide, Eneji Alikali; Covenant University Dissertation
This study investigates the deployment of design strategies that enhance energy efficiency in designing community centers in Lagos, Nigeria, highlighting the critical need for sustainable practices in urban infrastructure. As Nigeria grapples with rapid urbanization and energy challenges, community centers are vital hubs for social interaction and service delivery. However, many facilities operate inefficiently due to outdated infrastructure and a lack of integration of modern energy-saving technologies. This research aims to identify effective energy-efficient strategies tailored to the unique context of Lagos while examining the barriers to their implementation. Through qualitative interviews with key stakeholders and quantitative assessments of energy consumption patterns, this study evaluates the impacts of energy inefficiency on operational costs and environmental performance. The findings underscore the importance of adopting innovative solutions, such as solar power systems and passive cooling techniques, to enhance sustainability and reduce operational costs. Addressing the existing knowledge gaps and providing targeted recommendations, this research contributes to advancing sustainable urban development practices in Nigeria, ultimately fostering improved quality of life for residents.
EVALUATION OF INCLUSIVE ARCHITECTURE STRATEGIES FOR THE DESIGN OF GRANGE SECONDARY SCHOOL, VICTORIA GARDEN CITY, LAGOS NIGERIA
(Covenant University Ota, 2025-07) Kponu, Jemima Usinzibe; Covenant University Dissertation
This thesis investigates the adoption of inclusive architecture strategies in the design of Grange secondary school in Victoria Garden City (VGC), Lagos, Nigeria. The study aims to improve the equality of users' experiences through the intentional application of inclusive architectural principles that accommodate diverse physical and sensory needs, particularly those of students with visual impairments. Grounded in the framework of universal design, the study aligns with Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) 4 (inclusive and equitable quality education), 10 (reducing inequalities), and 11 (making cities and human settlements inclusive, safe, resilient, and sustainable). It addresses the ongoing marginalisation of users in educational environments due to spatial and sensory barriers that limit access, autonomy, and participation. A mixed methods approach was employed, comprising an extensive literature review, structured observation guides used during site visits to existing secondary schools, and the administration of questionnaires to students with visual impairments. These methods facilitated a critical evaluation of current school environments, enabling the identification of missing inclusive design strategies and their impact on users' experiences. The findings reveal that inclusive design is significantly under implemented in Lagos secondary schools. Most institutions lack basic architectural features such as ramps, handrails, tactile guidance surfaces, barrier free circulation paths, and legible spatial layouts. These omissions result in increased reliance on others, restricted movement, and heightened risk for students with disabilities. The research emphasises that these spatial deficiencies can be overcome by embedding inclusive design early in the architectural process through context responsive, multisensory, and human centred solutions. The study culminates in the design of a model inclusive secondary school in VGC. The proposal features tactile and auditory wayfinding systems, accessible circulation, clearly zoned learning spaces, appropriate lighting and acoustics, and sustainable climate responsive elements. These strategies are integrated from the outset, not as afterthoughts framing inclusion as a foundational architectural value. In addition to contributing to architectural theory and design practice, the study reinforces the critical role of inclusive school environments in advancing social equity. By translating global development goals into spatial strategies, it presents a replicable architectural model for addressing educational and infrastructural inequality in Nigeria and other rapidly urbanising contexts