Programme: International Relations

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Unpacking the Political Economy of Member States' Withdrawal from ECOWAS: The Cases of Burkina Faso, Mali, and the Niger Republic
(2025) Chukwudi, Celestine Ekene; Essien, Nick Pe ter; Ezebuilo, Paul Chibuike
The Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS) is a regional organisation that has worked since its inception to maintain member states' unification and improved relationships with other regional and Western nations to ensure political and socio-economic development. Despite all efforts, ECOWAS faces numerous challenges, such as an undemocratic government, insecurity, a lack of member cooperation, and, most recently, the exit of its trio-member nations. The study explores the political and socio-economic consequences of ECOWAS member nations like Mali, Burkina Faso, and the Niger's exit, and the effect on regional integration and cooperation. Rational Choice theory was adopted as a theoretical framework suitable for the underpinnings of this study. A qualitative research method, i.e., content analysis, was adopted to analyse the collated data. The study used secondary sources of data collection, e.g., textbooks, journals, conference proceedings, and internet sources, which were thematically discussed. The study finds that the trio-member nations that withdrew their membership are not parasitic and dependent on ECOWAS but have contributed to the continuous well-being of the organisation towards promoting and ensuring the regional integration, cooperation, growth, and development at large. The study concluded that the ECOWAS political and socio-economic system has been seriously affected, including the organisational image and recognition in Africa and globally. The study recommends that policymakers and international organisations such as ECOWAS, AU, EU, etc., should ensure inclusivity of all member nations, which would bring a sense of value and belonging that will keep them committed and loyal to their organizations, to avoid any member nation rising to disobey the principles of this organisation with the mindset of exit.
Challenges of governmental agencies and governance of Exodus
(HUMANUS DISCOURSE Vol. 4, 2024) Apeloko, Olubunmi David; Chukwudi, Celestine Ekene; Igbokwe, Philoemna Ify; Ezebuilo, Paul Chibuike
Every government unit, national to local, is concerned with migrants and refugees. Challenges confronting governmental agencies for the reintegration of returnees from Libya to Nigeria need scholarly attention. Primary and secondary data were utilized for the study. Primary data were collected through the administration of questionnaires and interviews. The study population (10,369) comprised the National Emergency Management Agency (NEMA, 34), National Agency against Trafficking in Persons and other related crime (NAPTIP, 108), International Organization for Migration (IOM, 34), Nigeria in Diaspora Commission (NiDCOM, 15) and Nigeria returnees (10,180) from Libya. The sample for the study was made up of 399 respondents. The distribution is as follows: NEMA (17), NAPTIP (54), IOM (16), NiDCOM (15), and returnees (297). Secondary data were obtained from decision extracts of the agencies. Data collected were analyzed using frequency, distribution, percentage, and Chi-square. Furthermore, the result of the Chi square analysis showed that the x2 cal(9.2) is greater than x2tab (5.99), hence, the rejection of the null hypothesis. Hence, the study found a significant relationship between governmental agencies. The study concluded that governmental agencies strategies have effect on the reintegration the returnees from Libya to Nigeria.
The 2023 Presidential Elections in Nigeria: Voting Patterns, Controversies and Recommendations
(Editura Academica Brancusi, 2025) Bello, Wasiu Olaide; Gberevbie, Daniel E.; Ogbemudia, Peter Michael; Chukwudi, Celestina Ekene; Ojo, Samuel Oluwasegun; Ezebuilo, Paul Chibuike
Democracy is largely dependent on elections. Democracy might become less valuable and appealing without regular polls. Nevertheless, several factors, including technological anomalies, same-faith tickets, the aftermath of the End SARS pandemic, and the marginalisation of ethnic minorities, influenced the recently concluded 2023presidential and national assembly elections. These factors also gave rise to several political prophecies and ecclesiastical innuendos, ethnic tension, a heightened level of ethnic politics, mutual suspicions among Nigerians, and mistrust of the political process. This paper's primary focus is on examining the numerous nuances that impacted the results of the 2023 presidential and national assembly elections. In addition to other reliable secondary sources such as books, journals, magazines, national dailies, and articles, the paper used a content analysis approach. When suitable, statistical data can also serve as empirical evidence. Our findings indicate that the winner-take-all scenario, fiscal centralization, and financial incentives tied to political positions are the primary reasons why most of the observed complexities are detrimental to free, fair, credible, and transparent elections in Nigeria. The report suggests that the impartial Electoral Commission (INEC) carry out a public and impartial assessment of its success in organizing credible and fair general elections in 2023 and expedite the development of a strong electoral process through technological advancements.

Programme: International Relations

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