College of Leadership and Development Studies
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Item Pervasive Violence in Contemporary Sub-Saharan Africa, Impediments to Peace-Building and Socioeconomic Development(Covenant University Journal of Politics & International Affairs, Vol. 13 No. 1, 2025-09) Chukwudi Ekene Celestina; Olawunmi, Kunle; Ezebuilo 3Paul ChibuikeThis study explores the pervasive violence and its impact on peacebuilding and economic development. A qualitative method of data collection is adopted. Content and descriptive analysis are used to analyse the data collected. Conflict theory was chosen for the underpinnings of the study. Findings have shown that attempts to tackle these issues encounter notable obstacles such as corruption such as where Nigerian elites are alleged to be behind most violent activities for selfish interests, lack of political will, and weak institutional capacities such as the failure of the judiciary to stand firm as the hope of the people by ensuring justice and openly undermining the rule of law. Complex power dynamics, mistrust among parties, and entrenched interests benefiting from instability frequently make peacebuilding projects difficult to implement. Conclusively, the challenges that emanate from pervasive violence in Sub-Saharan Africa highlight the pressing necessity for all-encompassing approaches that give peacebuilding equal weight with socioeconomic advancement. All stakeholders should promote efforts toward grassroots, national and international peacebuilding. Rules on violence must be clear, and sanctions should be applied to defaulters. The findings of this study will provide valuable insights for policymakers in making policies that will enhance unity, peacebuilding efforts and promotion of socio-economic development in Sub-Saharan AfricaItem Independent National Electoral Commission and Administration of the 2021 Gubernatorial Election in Anambra State, Nigeria(Journal of Policy and Development Studies (JPDS) Vol. 18 Issue 1, 2025-03-10) Odogwu Mmaduka Obinna; Obiora Charles Arinze; Ezebuilo Paul ChibuikeThis study evaluates INEC's involvement in Anambra State's 2021 gubernatorial election administration. Liberal Democratic Theory was suitably embraced and used to provide in-depth knowledge of the research. The study utilised descriptive survey research design. The study population was centered in Anambra state. Thus, Slovin’s sample size determination was used to obtain 400 respondents. A proportional stratified random sampling technique was used. Primary data collections were based on a structured questionnaire and interview using a 5-point Likert scale. In contrast, the secondary method was based on textbooks, journals, newspapers, INEC reports, and online materials. Logical Data Framework (LDF) was employed to analyse the variables and indicators. All the data collected were presented in frequency distribution table and was analysed quantitatively using simple percentage, weighted Mean (X) and Chi-square (X²) test analysis. The study revealed that institutional weakness, insecurity, and poor logistics, among others, were the factors that affected and challenged INEC’s performance in administering the 2021 gubernatorial election in Anambra State. The INEC administration of the 2021 gubernatorial election in Anambra State was not satisfactory, as the institution still fell short of delivering a controversy-free and fair election in the state as a result of not taking care and control of their institutional deficiencies that keep reoccurring in every election. Based on the findings, this study recommends that there is a need for restructuring INEC as an electoral institution; the institution should always ensure the provision of adequate logistics and security during elections, among other measures, to improve their performance in the future election administration in NigeriaItem Impacts of Pre-Retirement Training on the Welfare Condition of Retirees in Selected Federal Teaching Hospitals in South-Western Nigeria(Pak. j. life soc. Sci. 22(2) (2024), 2024) BELLO Moruf Ayodele; IGBOKWE Philomena Ify; SHIYANBADE BolanleWaliu; Ezebuilo Paul ChibuikeThis program focuses on the well-being of aspiring Nigerian public service retirees whose lives have been positively influenced by the training that the Federal Government has introduced. This research addressed the impacts of pre-retirement training on the welfare condition of retirees and the intending retirees of selected Federal Teaching Hospitals in Nigeria. Human Capital Theory was adopted as the theoretical framework of analysis. The study adopted a descriptive survey research design. Primary and secondary data sources were utilised to gather the required information for the study. The population of the study was based on 1,684 respondents. The study adopted a quantitative method of data analysis using a frequency distribution table, straightforward percentages, and chi-square. This study finds out the need to start pre-retirement training early. Therefore, retirement from active civil service is an absolute necessity for all public officers whether they are ready or not, i.e., it is a period that every employee must undoubtedly pass through. The potential retirees' apathy was frequently caused by government inconsistencies in the program's organisation; therefore, the government must take retirees' motivation and encouragement very carefully. Retirees should constantly subject themselves to immediate consultation of a medical professional or counsellor when feeling depressed; they should be open to doing business in their area of interest that fits their lifestyle after retirement. This study unveils the benefits of pre-retirement training on retirees' welfare and aims at policies that would promote/support this training for health workers in Nigeria.Item Political Parties and Democratic Consolidation in Nigeria’s Fourth Republic: Elite Theory Explanation(Editura Universitară Danubius, 2020) Musa David; Ibietan Jide; Deinde-Adedeji OluwatimilehinThe main objective of this paper is to examine the impact of political parties on democratic consolidation in Nigeria’s Fourth Republic (2010 -2019). Political parties are the engine room of democratic societies and without them; there will be no genuine democracy. The Fourth Republic in Nigeria witnessed revitalized activities of political parties after military interregnum. Democratic consolidation largely depends on the character and conduct of the country’s political parties, and the paper interrogates the extent to which they have shaped or stagnated democracy. This study adopts elite theory as framework, and was predicated on historical design. Data gathered were textually analyzed. With a reliance on secondary data such as books, journals and internet materials, the interplay between political parties and democratic consolidation was x-rayed. The challenges to democratic consolidation in the period of study (absence of well-institutionalized political parties, godfatherism, and lack of internal democracy) are observable. This research recommends the overhauling of political parties in order to correct the current state of party politics and democratic practice.Item Interrogating the Sources of International law vis-à-vis Municipal law in the drive towards socio-politico sustainability of Glocalisation(African Renaissance Vol. 2022, 2022) Folorunso Gideon Ibukuntomiwa; Ayodele Olaniyi Trust; Deinde-Adedeji OluwatimilehinGlocalisation is a portmanteau of the global and the local, hence, a relationship must be forged in law. The sustenance of the glocal is important, but the institution that can guarantee this sustenance is the rule of law and constitutionality. This paper interrogates the sources of the laws that govern the global and the local and their involvement in the socio-political sustenance of glocalisation. This paper collected data from secondary sources and adopted a descriptive research design. It is important to have a rethink, remodel and reform on traditional diplomacy to encompass a sustainable diplomatic effort of state and non-state actors to achieve peacebuilding, social and economic development, and fight poverty and social exclusion expressively and intricately. Resource management is critical to achieving sustainability. Even though the principles of transparency and accountability are excruciatingly difficult to implement, the need to practice internal monitoring is germane, and so is identifying the tools to check transparency and efficiency in fund management.Item IMPACT OF LONELINESS AND PERCEIVED SOCIAL SUPPORT ON PREMENSTRUAL DYSPHORIC DISORDER AMONG UNDERGRADUATES OF LAGOS STATE UNIVERSITY(Covenant University Ota, 2025-03) OLAJIDE, CHRISTIANA MODUPE; Covenat University DissertationPremenstrual Dysphoric Disorder (PMDD) affects women of reproductive years by reducing functionality. Limited research exists on psychosocial factors like loneliness and Perceived Social Support (PSS), especially for undergraduates in developing countries like Nigeria. Therefore, this study’s main objective is to investigate the impact of loneliness and perceived social support on premenstrual dysphoric disorder among female undergraduates. The study utilized a cross-sectional survey design on the population of Lagos State University undergraduates. The sample size of 386 female participants was identified by convenience sampling with a 20.560 mean and 2.470 Standard Deviation. It used a questionnaire containing demographic information, the Premenstrual Symptoms Screening Tool, the Multidimensional Scale of PSS, and the 8-item Loneliness Scale by the University of California, Los Angeles. The data was subjected to SPSS for statistical analysis to test one research question using frequency analysis and 3 hypotheses using regression. The significance criterion for testing the hypotheses was set at p<0.05. The results reflected a PMDD prevalence of 17.1. It reflected PSS as a non-significant predictor [R2 = .007, F(1,385) = 2.847, p> .05)] with coefficient B = -.043, while loneliness a significant predictor of PMDD [R2 = .016, F(1, 385) = 6.337, p<0.05)] with coefficient B = .06. It indicated loneliness and PSS as significant joint predictors of PMDD [F(2, 383) = 3.69, p <0.05], )] with coefficient B = .055 for loneliness and coefficient B = -.027 for PSS. PMDD affects female undergraduates at Lagos State University, with loneliness identified as a predictor. Reducing loneliness may lower PMDD incidence, while higher PSS is linked to reduced risk. Both factors jointly influence PMDD, emphasizing the need for prevention strategies like support groups. Future studies should explore geographic and psychosocial variables like resilience.Item From Uncertainty to Strategic Failure: U.S. Military Interventions and the Complexity of Nation-Building in Afghanistan(Journal of Strategic Security 18, no. 2, 2025) Osimen Goddy U.; Newo OluwamurewaThe American occupation of Afghanistan from 2001-2021 is widely regarded as a strategic failure, particularly after the Taliban took over the government in 2021. This work seeks to observe the strategic flaws of the 20-year occupation from the perspective of nation-building within the state. Using the theoretical lens of strategic culture and borrowing from Huntington’s discourse on the clash of civilizations, this article notes that nation-building failure in Afghanistan can be attributed to the ideological differences between the West and the Middle East. Using a descriptive qualitative approach and secondary sources such as books and peer-reviewed articles, the study employs thematic analysis to identify key areas of strategic flaws. The findings highlight three major areas of concern: strategic miscalculation and mission creep, over-militarization and over-reliance on hard power, and the hasty withdrawal of troops in 2021 without creating sustainable nation-building structures in Afghanistan. These flaws culminated in the Taliban’s take-over weeks after the U.S. exit from Afghanistan. In line with these findings, the study recommends that future strategies should incorporate the local culture of the native population into nation-building efforts, and it should have well-defined goals and exit timelines in order to prevent strategic failure, as in the case of Afghanistan.Item Morpho-Syntactic Analysis of Temporal Realities in Esan and English Languages(Forum for Linguistic Studies Volume 07 | Issue 05, 2025-05) Ehibor Oremire Judith; Osimen Goddy U.; Adesiyan Rebecca UduakobongTemporal realities/expressions are crucial in human conversations, and are uniquely different. This study assesses temporal realities in English and Esan languages. It examines how tense and aspect are marked in both languages, uncovering different expressions. Esan language, an indigenous language within the Edo linguistic group in Nigeria, exhibits a different structural system of tense, aspect, and tonal variations from that of the English language. The different representations, usage, and flow of these elements may possibly impinge on usage which could result in limited exploration by Esan-English learners. Theoretical insights are drawn from Chomsky’s Principles and Parameters of the Universal Grammar. The descriptive method of analysis was used to analyse data drawn from English texts, and native speakers of the Esan language. Findings revealed that temporal realities in both languages vary in representation and usage. Identifying the differences would enable effective usage and avoidance of morphosyntactic errors. With the insights the study provides, it recommends teaching strategies including useful resources that would aid correct usage of the Esan and English tense, aspect, and tones. This should be adequately handled to enable improved learning and effective usage, as well as avoid challenging morphosyntactic analysis in tense, aspect and tonal variations. The study concludes that the understanding of varying temporal realities of both languages would enhance effective usage and curb unnecessary generalisations.Item ECOWAS Integration Policy and the Dynamics of Trans-border Mobility in West Africa(Ianna Journal of Interdisciplinary Studies, Volume 7, Number 2, 2025-06) Osimen Goddy U.; Ochoga Edwin Ochoga; Ehibor Oremire JudithBackground: This study critically evaluates the Economic Community of West African States' (ECOWAS) integration policy and its impact on trans-border mobility. The policy assumes that individuals migrate from stagnant to rapidly growing areas, from low-income to high-income regions, and from uncertain to secure employment opportunities. Objective: This research aims to investigate the implications of ECOWAS's neo-liberal-oriented policy, which is shaped by the dynamic forces of globalisation and encourages cross-border mobility among member state citizens. Methods: The paper used a qualitative research method, and the data were sourced from secondary sources. The gathered data were thematically analysed and presented in prose format. Results: The study finds that the assumption underlying ECOWAS's integration policy overlooks the complex social, political, and economic effects of trans-border mobility, which challenge traditional notions of comparative advantage and trade theories that underpin ECOWAS's integrative approach. Conclusion: ECOWAS's integration policy and trans-border mobility have moved from stagnant to rapidly increasing places, from low-income to high-income areas, and from sporadic employment prospects to areas where employment is more certain or guaranteed by contract. Key Contribution to Knowledge: This study provides new insights into the implications of ECOWAS's integration policy on trans-border mobility and its effects on West African communities, highlighting the need to reconsider traditional notions of comparative advantage and trade theories in the context of regional integration. Recommendations: The study recommends that policymakers and stakeholders consider the complex social, political, and economic effects of trans-border mobility when designing and implementing regional integration policies, and that further research be conducted to explore the implications of ECOWAS's integration policy on West African communities.Item Autonomous Warfare: Exploring the Consequences of AI-Powered Weapons System on Global Peace and Security(Power System Technology Volume 49 Issue 2, 2025-05-22) Osimen Goddy U.; Anegbode John Ehiabhi; Oladipo Temidayo David; Ifaloye Oluwatosin R.The inclusion of Autonomous machine into armed forces activities has significant consequences for the world order. Grasping these consequences has become a primary concern for decision-makers, analysts, and global stakeholders. This research explores how AI-powered weapons systems affect defence systems, focusing on advanced military technologies and emphasising the possible risk of weaponry competition. The central point is that the ethical use of AI is crucial for preserving serenity. With the adoption of a critical analysis of existing literature and case studies, this study assesses AI’s role in military contexts and its ethical dimensions. The study found that while AI improves military capabilities, it raises significant legal and ethical issues. Consequently, it recommends establishing AI governance, international standards, and collaborative efforts to avert abuse.