College of Leadership and Development Studies

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Job Satisfaction and Work Environment of Primary Health Care Nurses in Ekiti State, Nigeria: an Exploratory Study
(International Journal of Caring Sciences September-December 2013 Vol 6 Issue 3, 2013) Ayamolowo Sunday Joseph; Irinoye Omolola; Oladoyin Anthony Mayowa
2011 POST-ELECTORAL VIOLENCE IN NIGERIA: LESSON FOR 2015 GENERAL ELECTION
(American International Journal of Research in Humanities, Arts and Social Sciences, 2013) Osimen Goddy U.; OLOGUNOWA CHRISTOPHER SUNDAY
Nigeria is a heterogeneous country with diverse and overlapping religious and ethnic divisions. Nigerian culture is as diverse as its population, which is estimated to be around 150 million. With the regaining of political process in 1999 after over thirty (30) years of military rule, Nigeria looked set for a return to stability and the regaining of its position in the commity of nations particularly in Africa. Wrongly so, this was not to be. Since the 1999 to the 2011 General elections, the Nigeria electoral and political landscape has fallen from par to below par and has moved from violence to greater violence. The level and magnitude of electoral and political violence has risen and the political elites have often converted poverty ridden unemployed Nigerian youths into readymade machinery for the perpetration of electoral violence. This is linked to the political system and institution that in theory has failed to political participation and in practice has seen the political elites forming bulk of the sponsors and perpetrators of electoral violence. This paper therefore, painstakingly analyzed the electoral malpractices and fraud that have characterized elections in Nigeria since 1960 till 2011 general elections in chronological order. In the final analysis, it was discovered that virtually all the electoral malpractices and fraud associated with elections including violence and crises are carried out by youths, who are paid and hired by politicians as party thugs to threatened the electorate and thereby disrupts the smooth democratic process. Necessary recommendations were given to promote and sustain credible, free and fair elections in Nigeria.
An Assessment of Corruption in the Public Sector in Nigeria: A Study of Akure South Local Government Area, Ondo State
(Canadian Social Science Vol. 9, No. 5,, 2013) Osimen Goddy U.; Adenegan Taiwo Samuel; Balogun Akinyemi
Issue of corruption in Nigeria has been a major concern to all and sundry in the society. The upsurge of this social menace in Nigeria in recent times is disturbing and it seems the menace has defied all kinds of treatment and the damage it has caused to national life cannot be quantified. The objective of this paper therefore, is to examine and assess corruption in the public sector in Nigeria with particular reference to Akure South Local Government Area of Ondo State. It has generated data based on questionnaires, on the public perception and level of corruption in the study area. The questionnaire and the groups tested were segmented. However, it was observed that many factors such as; lack of transparency, moral laxity, weak government institutions, unemployment and poverty etc were significant factors stimulating corruption in Nigeria. By this result, it means that proactive measures must be shaped towards eradicating corruption in Nigeria. This paper recommends, among others, that government should strengthen the institutions established to fight corruption
Ethnicity and Identity Crisis: Challenge to National Integration in Nigerian
(Journal Of Humanities And Social Science Volume 16, Issue 4, 2013-10) Osimen Goddy U.; Balogun Akinyemi; Adenegan Taiwo Samuel
Nigeria’s large number of ethnic groups, inequalities among them in size, resource endowment, education and access to state power and resources, her highly developed and factionalized indigenous bourgeoisie, makes her ethnic situation perhaps the most complicated in Africa. The experience has been equally bad and sad, spanning a bloody civil war (1967-1970) and perennial threats to the survival of the country, and one of the 1990 abortive coup d’ etat, whose organizers planned to dismember the country. Today in Nigeria, there is serious rivalry among the ethnic groups over issues such as power and resource sharing formula; the status quo is being resisted by the minor ethnic groups especially in the Niger-delta region that produces the bulk of crude oil in the country which Nigeria depends today for most of its foreign exchange. The objective of this paper therefore, to examine and provide answers to the following questions: what is ethnicity? To what extent has ethnic identity affected national integration in Nigeria? What steps has been taken to address the fall out of the various ethnic identity motivated crisis in Nigeria? As a guide to answering the overarching research questions, historical overview of ethnic nationalism in Nigeria and its challenges of national integration were documented and some proactive measures were discussed.
Beijing Declaration and Women’s Property Rights in Nigeria
(European Scientific Journal (ResearchGate), 2014) Folarin Sheriff F.; Udoh Oluwakemi D.
In Nigeria, women have suffered various forms of discrimination and oppression during property sharing, especially in terms of land for economic purposes and other physical assets. The challenge has been that, in patriarchal societies, like Nigeria, women are regarded as subservient to men and are never considered in property sharing. Rather, the woman is often regarded as part of the property to be shared especially during the loss of her spouse. Most disturbing is that, though statutory law and international laws have affirmed women’s rights to land and other property, women are often denied access and ownership to property due to unfavorable customary practices. This paper examines women’s property rights in Nigeria. In doing so, it looks critically into Nigeria’s compliance with the 1995 Beijing Platform of Action. It also identifies some factors such as customary and statutory laws as responsible for the discrimination of women vis-à-vis their rights to property and inheritance. In addition to these, it concludes that, the 1995 Beijing Declaration is yet to be fully integrated and domesticated in the national legislations that protect women and their rights to property. In carrying out this research, secondary sources were consulted. Recommendations were made bordering on equality between men and women and gender-sensitivity in legal institutions.
Human Trafficking and Interface of Slavery In The 21st Century in Nigeria
(Research on Humanities and Social Sciences Vol.4, No.21 2014, 2014) Osimen Goddy U.; Okor Pedro; Ahmed Titilade M.
Trafficking in human beings is modern-day slavery and has become a widespread phenomenon mostly in Africa. Two hundred years after the abolition of the trans-Atlantic slave trade, the trafficking of African children continues unabated. Human trafficking has become a heinous transnational crime undertaken by highly organized syndicates. The syndicates employ deceit, coercion and prey on vulnerable girls whom they traffic overseas for domestic servitude and sexual exploitation. Human trafficking is inherently demeaning, harmful and violates fundamental human rights to life, liberty, dignity and freedom from discrimination. This work therefore, examines all forms of human trafficking in Nigeria, revealing the operations of the trafficking business and the nature of the traffickers themselves. Using a historical and comparative perspective between human trafficking and slavery, it then demonstrates that there is great correspondence that exists between the two phenomenons. Necessary recommendations were also given to eradicate human trafficking and other related transnational crimes in Nigeria.
Globalisation and Africa Crisis of Development in the 21st Century
(International Journal of Humanities and Social Science Vol. 4 No. 4, 2014-02) Osimen Goddy U.; Adetula Samuel Lanrewajuu; Ojeme Sam
It is paradoxical that Africa is the first habit of man but has evolved today as the last to be made truly habitable. There is the disconcerting fact that Africa harbours overwhelming majority of the least developed countries of the world which UN regards as the “Poorest. In spite of its rich resources-endowment, a disproportion number of people in the population of Africa are known to be under-nourished and under-privileged. It has been suggested that the current crisis of development in Africa cannot be properly understood if perceived merely as internal remote. Therefore, the paper examines the crisis of development in Africa with specific attention to “21st century using various indicators of socio-economic and political as prominence for assessment .The impact of globalization on Africa continent was also given prominence consideration. Besides, a review of the existing status of the continent on the global development spectrum is made in order to visualize the way forward. It was discovered that, the rising profile of Africa in the world economy was however suddenly truncated through its contact with the outside world. The preceding result of the research also, revealed that, the law of comparative advantage and economies of scale work strongly against Africa in achieving developmental goals in the 21st century. The paper then, suggests that much of the conventional wisdom regarding on how best to address African development and poverty is not only misguided but often harmful by certain policies. Hence, other policy issues were recommended which constitute imperative pre-requisite for the attainment of development in the continent of Africa.
Africa-China Relations: Implications for Economic Development
(AMERICAN JOURNAL OF SOCIAL ISSUES AND HUMANITIES Vol. 4 | Issue 2, 2014-03) Oko Chinedu Ogbonnia; Osimen Goddy U.; Oko Felix Iduma
The presence of the People’s Republic of China in the African continent has enormous implications for economic development. There is a general agreement that the relationship between China and Africa has both negative as well as positive ramifications, pointing to the imperatives of re-strategizing or re-positioning Africa to optimize its opportunities. Although, the development goal is mutually beneficial for all parties, several countries in Africa are increasingly realizing the risks of dealing with China. Suffice it to say that the quest for sustainable growth and development in Africa has been made complex as a result of a multiplicity of factors, extraneous and endogenous. The paper offers some insights as well as recommendations on how the African continent can maximize opportunities provided by China while ameliorating future trade and partnership related challenges.
Small Arms and Light Weapons (SALW) Proliferation and Problem of National Security in Nigeria
(International Affairs and Global Strategy Vol.29, 2015, 2015) Osimen Goddy U.; Akintunde Bamidele Anthony
The proliferation of small arms and light weapons is one of the major security challenges currently facing Nigeria, Africa and indeed the world in general. The trafficking and wide availability of these weapons fuel communal conflict, political instability and pose a threat, not only to national security, but also to sustainable development. The widespread proliferation of small arms is contributing to alarming levels of armed crime, and militancy. Therefore, the trust of this paper dwell on scanning the role of government and policy makers, in checking SALW in Nigeria and to ascertain the level of insecurity this menace had incurred in the Nigerian state. It was revealed that inability of the Nigeria government and the law enforcement agencies to check the supply and the demand factors of the proliferation of SALW in Nigeria has heightened and worsened the security situations in the country. The paper further asserts that availability of small arms have direct influence on the escalation and sustenance of insecurity and therefore, drew a conclusion on the basis of which the recommendations were made.
The Impact of Language in Conflict Management and Peace Building
(American International Journal of Research in Humanities, Arts and Social Sciences, 2015) Osimen Goddy U.; Aniga Ugo Samuel; Bateye Omonike Rashidat
Conflict is inevitable and part of the society. A conflict can be encountered in the home, between a husband and his wife, between parents and their children. Conflicts can also be between friends, colleagues, a teacher and his students, and even between religious leaders, politicians, traders, just mention it. Conflict is not entirely negative. The society needs conflict to advance as conflicts enable people know their rights, duties and short comings. The manner a conflict is handled is very important. Language at this juncture, plays an indispensable role in managing conflicts on one hand, and on the other hand, escalating a conflict. In other words, the paper explores language as an instrument capable of deescalating or escalating a conflict.
The Political Economy of the Postponement of Nigeria’s 2015 General Elections: Effects, Implications and Lessons
(Developing Country Studies Vol.5, No.16, 2015, 2015) Abayomi Muftau Adesina; Osimen Goddy U.
The credibility of Nigeria’s previous elections had been doubted, though the situation has been improving lately. This research article examines the effects and implications of Nigeria’s postponement of the 2015 general elections. An attempt is also made to identify and discuss the lessons learned from the shift in elections. The effects of elections postponement identified in the study include: protracted grounding of governance; nosedived economic activities; increased unemployment; negative effects on social and cultural activities; and heightened political tension; although it afforded the INEC a good opportunity to improve upon its preparations. Implications examined include erosion of the integrity of Nigerian Government; perception of the INEC as managing elections’ programme poorly; and reduction in future aids. The paper pinpointed some of the lessons learned from the elections’ postponement as: the need for timely provision of funds; professional management of elections; use of contingency and change management plans; and proper documentation of lessons learned. Finally, the research recommends the use of lessons learned as springboard for strengthening democracy in Nigeria.
Youth Unemployment and Insecurity: Impediment of Nation- Building in Nigeria
(Research on Humanities and Social Sciences Vol.6, No.12, 2016, 2016) Osimen Goddy U.; Chuke Patrick I.; Micah Ezekiel Elton
Nigeria’s population is estimated to be about two hundred million, out of which the youth population, (15 -35 years of age) is said to be 75%.. According to a recent World Bank statistics, youth unemployment rate is 38 per cent, but even this figure is considered conservative. It is estimated that about 60% of Nigeria’s youth population is either unemployed or underemployed, a situation that poses great danger to the Nigeria Society in terms of crimes and assorted social vices. This generation of young people faces the dual crisis of unemployment and insecurity. Such a large population of unemployed, unengaged, angry, sullen, unproductive youths in any society will constitute a menace and security risk because their lives appear hopeless and yet they are full of youthful energy. Recent studies suggest that unemployment rate in Nigeria has taken a shocking increase from 14 per cent in 2012 to 38 per cent in 2015. It also revealed that unemployment rate is undoubtedly contributed to the high wave of insecurity in the country. As a matter of fact, Nigeria has never had it so bad, for over five years now, in terms of insecurity and criminality. More worrisome is the fact that criminality and terrorism, which have further crippled the economic development of the country, are perpetrated by young people. Hence, this paper examines this phenomenon and calls for a comprehensive multi-dimensional plan of action to combat youth employment before its associated consequences become unmanageable and consume the Nigerian Society. It examines the issue of unemployment and juxtaposes this along side the broader issue of national security. It examines present problems of youth unemployment and insecurity in Nigeria, its causes, social and economic implications, and possible solutions. The paper asserts that youths should be properly trained to possess skills which are congruent with real labour market demands, which will invariably, create employment opportunities, that would make the youth become productive assets and take their place in mainstream societal development the society offer the best of their skills and talents rather than getting themselves involved in criminality.
The Borderless-Border and Internal Security Challenges in Nigeria
(International Journal of Political Science Volume 3, Issue 3, 2017, 2017) Osimen Goddy U.; Anegbode E. John; Akande Clement. A,; Oyewole Oyindamola O.
The international border between Nigeria and her neighboring countries is roughly 4745sq.km. The major border countries with Nigeria are Cameroon (1,690 kilometers) in the east, Niger (1,497 kilometers) in the north, Benin (773 kilometers) in the west, and Chad (87 kilometers) in the north-east. Nigeria also shares maritime boundaries with Equatorial Guinea and Sao Tome and Principle. The current border corresponds to the inter-colonial border between British and French territories that was set up in 1889. Due to the fact that between these countries hardly any natural boundaries exist, in some parts its exact demarcation remains unclear. The border region includes a large surface of lagoon- and marshlands in the Ouémé valley, which have traditionally been used as transport and trade routes and which are very difficult to control and monitor by migration and customs authorities. This coupled with the challenges facing African states to manage their borders are compounded by globalization that is tearing down traditional borders through advancement in technology and transformation of international relations. At the moment crimes are committed without crossing borders and huge amounts of goods are sold through cyberspace. The problem of security as a result of these borderless-borders in Nigeria has become one of the most intractable challenges facing the country today. In recent time, the security challenges in Nigeria and its border crime are alarming, especially, the activities of the terrorist group known as ‘’Boko Haram’’ in which lives and property are no longer secure. There are many speculations that the groups may have found their way through our porous borders. Therefore, the study probes into the nature of Nigeria borders using analytical framework of assessment in the emerging trans-border crimes, the causes and sources of insecurity of lives and property in Nigeria. The paper then revealed that the major criminal activities in Nigeria borders are smuggling of contraband goods and illegal immigrants, trafficking in weapons and human parts, drug trafficking, vehicle crime, trafficking of illegally exploited natural resources, including the illicit trade in timber, oil and diamond among others. The paper then suggests that much of the conventional wisdom regarding how best to address Nigeria border crime and security is not only enacting a law but also creating proper national security awareness, involvement of new stakeholders in the security sector and strong institutional framework to checkmate the activities of trans- border crime.
FULANI HERDSMEN AND RURAL COMMUNITIES/FARMERS CONFLICT IN NIGERA
(IJRDO-Journal of Social Science and Humanities Research Volume-2 | Issue-6, 2017-06) Osimen Goddy U.; Oyewole Oyindamola O.; Akinwunmi Adeboye
The tension between Fulani herdsmen and farming communities has been in existence for many years, but has seen a dramatic escalation in recent times to include attacks, armed robbery, rape, kidnappings and killings by the nomads. They brutally kill natives of invaded farming communities including women and children in various states across the country. They are armed with sophisticated weapons and usually attack their target communities at a time they are most vulnerable such as at midnight or on Sundays when they are in the church, killing people indiscriminately and burning houses and looting properties. Most worrisome is the brutality and impunity with which the assailants operate without regard for the law and the sanctity of human life. Hence, an understanding of the causes and effects of the conflict between nomads and farmers in the host communities is an important step towards realizing the goals of socio-economic development policies in the country. Therefore, it is against this backdrop that the paper assessed the conflicts between herdsmen and the farmers, using a descriptive technique. It was however observed that, Farmers-herdsmen conflict which is within the agricultural sector is a major setback to the development of the sector and the nation’s economy at large and therefore, recommends that, Unless the Federal Government urgently addresses incessant encroachment of farmlands by a group called Bororo cattle rearers, and the havoc they wreck on crops, bloody clashes between the farmers and the peripatetic herdsmen would be inevitable. Consequently that, the proposed federal government policy to create grazing reserves is long overdue as this will ensure that there is access to arable and grazing land to avert constant conflict between these two user groups.
Causes and Implications of Religious Conflicts in Nigeria’s Political System
(International Journal of Finance and Management in Practice, Vol. 5, No. 1, 2017-06) Uwadi, M. E.; Ezebuilo Paul Chibuike; Nwaonu, K. C
The aim of this work is to identify the causes and implications of religious conflicts in Nigeria’s political system as well as proffer strategies to avoid future occurrence. This study adopts the survey research design. The population of the study comprises all Christians and Moslems living in Zaria, Kaduna State in Nigeria. Personal observations and questionnaire were the major means of data collection. Out of the 65 copies of questionnaire engaged in the study, only 56 copies were retrieved and used for the analysis. To achieve the aim of the study, two research hypotheses were formulated. While data collected for the study were presented on tables and responses taking the form of a five point likert scale, the hypotheses were tested using one way analysis of variance. Major findings of the study reveal that the causes of religious conflicts in Nigeria include failure to move with change, conflicting doctrines, methods of conversion, utterances of religious leaders, and clothing of political objectives with religion, among others. The implications of religious conflict as reveal by the study include creation of mistrust among federating units, low productivity, job insecurity, migration, over population. Based on the foregoing, it is proposed that the issue of religious conflicting doctrines should be addressed by religious bodies who should meet on regular bases. Also, government should respond quickly to curtail conflicts and should not ignore any act that might cause conflict
Regional Integration and the Neo-functionalist Model: The Brexit Narrative
(Chin. Polit. Sci. Rev. 5, 2018) Aje Oluwatobi; Chidozie Felix C.
The socio-economic and political advantages derived as benefits of the integrative project have been the justification for most integrative initiatives. This has also made regional integration a major phenomenon in international relations, both as a field of study and as a sphere of actual relation. Many theories are paraded in scholarly circles explaining the rationale and process of the integrative project. However, little attention is paid to the fact that, on the continuum of integration, retrogression and disengagement is possible as social realities unfold. Using archival research method, the work examines the relevance of the neo-functional model in explaining recent trends on integration, using Brexit as a case study. It contends that the neo-functionalist model still holds analytical purchase in approximating contemporary trends of integration
Political Restructuring, Federalism and Democratic Sustainability in Nigeria
(Journal of Economics and Sustainable Development Vol.9, No.21, 2018) Osimen Goddy U.; Aghemelo Austine Thomas; Oyewole Oyindamola O.
Nigeria has undergone a long process of restructuring in terms of the number of geo-political administrative areas called states or regions constituting the country. This process is popularly referred to as “state creation”, that is the process whereby new geo-political units/constituents known as “states” in most federations are created out of existing or old ones. The outcome of this process is usually an increase in the number of states constituting the Nigerian federation. Nigeria is one of the most ethnically diverse countries in the world with well over 250 ethno linguistic groups, some of which are bigger than many independent states of contemporary Africa. The Nigerian federalism is a creation of the British. Before the arrival of British colonialists, the area now known as Nigeria was inhabited by peoples who belonged to different Empires, kingdoms and societies, which were traditionally administered. The arrival of British and other European explorers, merchants and religious missionaries introduced slave trade and conflicts and then consequently bringing a new system of governance that executed the organized and transparent institutions and governments that had existed before the balkanization of Africa. This suggests that the formation, evolutionary process and unification of Nigerian political and administrative systems did not represent the interest and aspirations of the natives or ethnic groups. The early pre-independence constitutional development is an example of this misrepresentation of the native consent on what type of system Nigeria will run- whether a federation, a confederation, unitary or not. After the amalgamation of the Northern and Southern protectorates of Nigeria in 1914, the country was more or less run as unitary colony with twenty four provinces (12 in the North and 12 in the South) until the establishment of the federal order by the Richards constitution of 1946. Thereafter, ethnic politics (otherwise known as tribalism) and regionalism have become definitive features of Nigeria federalism. The aim of this paper was therefore, to examine the origins and sequences of events on restructuring that creates the contemporary Nigerian state including the structure and features of Nigerian Federalism and it traces. The paper revealed that some of the challenges facing Nigerian federalism are; revenue sharing formula among the tiers, state creation, resource control and power sharing. This all have cumulated in placing the democratic rule in the country at a disadvantaged position. Consequently, the dividends of democracy have seized to reach the hands of the common people. It is on the bases of this some policy recommendations were made.
The Socio-Economic Effects of Human Trafficking in Nigeria
(Journal of Social Science and Humanities Research Volume-3 | Issue-8 2018, 2018) Osimen Goddy U.; Okor Pedro; Daudu Basil Osayin; Adeniran Tolulope Abayomi
Human trafficking is globally recognised as modern day slavery with multifarious negative socioeconomic, legal and health implications. Besides drug trafficking and gun running, human trafficking has become a lucrative business globally and yields an estimate of US $32 million annually. Traffickers trade on human lives; subject them to gory and traumatic experiences in order to make profits. Human trafficking is therefore the worst form of human right violations and gender based violence against female who constitute majority of the victims in the country. Regrettably, Nigeria occupies the ignoble position of a source, transit and destination country for trafficking in the recent times, the scourge has assumed complex dimensions, become more elusive, shrouded in secrecy and with the attendant consequences and implication on the lives in the country. Data from the National Agency for the Prohibition of Traffic in Persons (NAPTIP) shows that seventy eight percent of victims of human trafficking in Nigeria fall within the age range of 8 – 27 years, children within this age bracket are naturally of school going age. Victims of trafficking miss educational opportunities needed for today’s globalised world. This paper was based on the dynamics of human trafficking in Nigeria, some emerging trends in trafficking, the socio-economic implications, government’s strategies in curbing the menace and possible adoption as good practice.
The Role of Multinational Oil Companies (MNOCs) and Militancy in Niger Delta
(SSRG International Journal of Humanities and Social Science Volume 5 Issue 4 2018, 2018) Oyewole Oyindamola O.; Osimen Goddy U.; Akinwunmi Adeboye
The discovery and exploration of oil in Nigeria seems to have come with good tidings and hope for a better development but today the reverse is the case. Oil has brought agony and insecurity in the country, particularly the oil communities of the Niger Delta region. The high level of marginalization and negligence on the part of the government, the elite and the MNOCs has resulted in militancy, which has consequently inflicted the economic growth of Nigeria. Resource curse is used to examine how the perceive petro dollar turns out to bring curse on the country. Despite different response by the government to address the unrest in the oil rich Niger Delta,yet the insurgency persist. This has been attributed to a commandist and lack of proper consultation with people of the region. This paper therefore, calls for a meaningfulcorroboration between the major actors in the exploration of oil and the people in order to have lasting solution to the prevailing problem and as a consequence a meaningful ataraxia.
Public Private Partnership Versus Socio-Economic Development: Panacea to Achieving Economic Growth in Nigeria
(Andah Journal Vol.11, 2018-01) Atobatele Abolaji
Socio-economic development is one of the key ingredients to achieving economic growth in the world. Country where this ingredient is lacking or inadequate experiences decline in the development which affects all facets of such country. Nigeria being the most populous black nation in the world has set a vision geared towards achieving a monumental growth that will launch her to be amongst twentieth (20th) economies in the world by the year 2020. However, to achieve this success public private partnership also known as private financial initiatives (PPP/PFI) model has been adopted in Nigeria, despite this arrangement, the goal is still doubtful as most of the key ingredients of socio-economic development that are capable of making Nigeria to be amongst the 20 economies of the world are inadequate or not measuring up to standard. It’s against this backdrop that this study seeks to examine the role played by the PPP/PFI with respect to achieving growth in Nigeria. However, the study adopts documentary approach to analyze its result, materials were collected from the secondary sources which inter alia include Journal publications, internet, Magazine etc. The study found out that infrastructure, education, industry etc. have not been adequate to put Nigeria in the path of growth due to weak institutions, lack of political will and corruption. The study therefore recommends that government should be realistic in the formulation and execution of its policies by establishing a strong and formidable institution that is capable of assisting the government to consolidate its political will free from internal and external influences and more power should be given to the agencies established to fight corruption.