College of Leadership and Development Studies

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Author: search.filters.author.Osimen Goddy U.

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    From Uncertainty to Strategic Failure: U.S. Military Interventions and the Complexity of Nation-Building in Afghanistan
    (Journal of Strategic Security 18, no. 2, 2025) Osimen Goddy U.; Newo Oluwamurewa
    The American occupation of Afghanistan from 2001-2021 is widely regarded as a strategic failure, particularly after the Taliban took over the government in 2021. This work seeks to observe the strategic flaws of the 20-year occupation from the perspective of nation-building within the state. Using the theoretical lens of strategic culture and borrowing from Huntington’s discourse on the clash of civilizations, this article notes that nation-building failure in Afghanistan can be attributed to the ideological differences between the West and the Middle East. Using a descriptive qualitative approach and secondary sources such as books and peer-reviewed articles, the study employs thematic analysis to identify key areas of strategic flaws. The findings highlight three major areas of concern: strategic miscalculation and mission creep, over-militarization and over-reliance on hard power, and the hasty withdrawal of troops in 2021 without creating sustainable nation-building structures in Afghanistan. These flaws culminated in the Taliban’s take-over weeks after the U.S. exit from Afghanistan. In line with these findings, the study recommends that future strategies should incorporate the local culture of the native population into nation-building efforts, and it should have well-defined goals and exit timelines in order to prevent strategic failure, as in the case of Afghanistan.
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    Morpho-Syntactic Analysis of Temporal Realities in Esan and English Languages
    (Forum for Linguistic Studies Volume 07 | Issue 05, 2025-05) Ehibor Oremire Judith; Osimen Goddy U.; Adesiyan Rebecca Uduakobong
    Temporal realities/expressions are crucial in human conversations, and are uniquely different. This study assesses temporal realities in English and Esan languages. It examines how tense and aspect are marked in both languages, uncovering different expressions. Esan language, an indigenous language within the Edo linguistic group in Nigeria, exhibits a different structural system of tense, aspect, and tonal variations from that of the English language. The different representations, usage, and flow of these elements may possibly impinge on usage which could result in limited exploration by Esan-English learners. Theoretical insights are drawn from Chomsky’s Principles and Parameters of the Universal Grammar. The descriptive method of analysis was used to analyse data drawn from English texts, and native speakers of the Esan language. Findings revealed that temporal realities in both languages vary in representation and usage. Identifying the differences would enable effective usage and avoidance of morphosyntactic errors. With the insights the study provides, it recommends teaching strategies including useful resources that would aid correct usage of the Esan and English tense, aspect, and tones. This should be adequately handled to enable improved learning and effective usage, as well as avoid challenging morphosyntactic analysis in tense, aspect and tonal variations. The study concludes that the understanding of varying temporal realities of both languages would enhance effective usage and curb unnecessary generalisations.
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    ECOWAS Integration Policy and the Dynamics of Trans-border Mobility in West Africa
    (Ianna Journal of Interdisciplinary Studies, Volume 7, Number 2, 2025-06) Osimen Goddy U.; Ochoga Edwin Ochoga; Ehibor Oremire Judith
    Background: This study critically evaluates the Economic Community of West African States' (ECOWAS) integration policy and its impact on trans-border mobility. The policy assumes that individuals migrate from stagnant to rapidly growing areas, from low-income to high-income regions, and from uncertain to secure employment opportunities. Objective: This research aims to investigate the implications of ECOWAS's neo-liberal-oriented policy, which is shaped by the dynamic forces of globalisation and encourages cross-border mobility among member state citizens. Methods: The paper used a qualitative research method, and the data were sourced from secondary sources. The gathered data were thematically analysed and presented in prose format. Results: The study finds that the assumption underlying ECOWAS's integration policy overlooks the complex social, political, and economic effects of trans-border mobility, which challenge traditional notions of comparative advantage and trade theories that underpin ECOWAS's integrative approach. Conclusion: ECOWAS's integration policy and trans-border mobility have moved from stagnant to rapidly increasing places, from low-income to high-income areas, and from sporadic employment prospects to areas where employment is more certain or guaranteed by contract. Key Contribution to Knowledge: This study provides new insights into the implications of ECOWAS's integration policy on trans-border mobility and its effects on West African communities, highlighting the need to reconsider traditional notions of comparative advantage and trade theories in the context of regional integration. Recommendations: The study recommends that policymakers and stakeholders consider the complex social, political, and economic effects of trans-border mobility when designing and implementing regional integration policies, and that further research be conducted to explore the implications of ECOWAS's integration policy on West African communities.
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    Autonomous Warfare: Exploring the Consequences of AI-Powered Weapons System on Global Peace and Security
    (Power System Technology Volume 49 Issue 2, 2025-05-22) Osimen Goddy U.; Anegbode John Ehiabhi; Oladipo Temidayo David; Ifaloye Oluwatosin R.
    The inclusion of Autonomous machine into armed forces activities has significant consequences for the world order. Grasping these consequences has become a primary concern for decision-makers, analysts, and global stakeholders. This research explores how AI-powered weapons systems affect defence systems, focusing on advanced military technologies and emphasising the possible risk of weaponry competition. The central point is that the ethical use of AI is crucial for preserving serenity. With the adoption of a critical analysis of existing literature and case studies, this study assesses AI’s role in military contexts and its ethical dimensions. The study found that while AI improves military capabilities, it raises significant legal and ethical issues. Consequently, it recommends establishing AI governance, international standards, and collaborative efforts to avert abuse.
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    Assessing the security implications of the ECOWAS protocol on free movement in Nigeria
    (International Journal of Innovative Research and Scientific Studies, 8(2), 2025) Ochoga Edwin Ochoga; Osimen Goddy U.; Pokubo Ibiso Esther
    The study is designed to assess whether the ECOWAS Protocol on Free Movement of Persons has had negative implications for Nigeria’s national security. The study used key informant interviews and secondary sources as instruments to collect qualitative and quantitative data. The study critiqued the economic integration theory, and the assumption of the theory is premised on the removal of tariff and non-tariff barriers among member states for the free movement of factors of production across national borders. It used the obtained qualitative and quantitative data to demonstrate how Nigeria’s national security has been negatively affected by the free movement regime of ECOWAS. The study reveals that there is a relationship between the free movement enabled by the Protocol and the spread of Boko Haram terrorism, cattle rustling, armed banditry, and the activities of violent herders in Nigeria. Poor implementation of the Protocol by Nigeria, arising from the non-enforcement of Article 4 of the Protocol, the absence of a migration central database, porous borders, and socio-cultural affinities among border communities, are the challenges associated with the implementation of the Protocol in Nigeria. This study argues that proponents of the ECOWAS Protocol on free movement are mainly concerned about the economic benefits of the Protocol for member states without considering the socio-economic complexities associated with the window provided by the free movement regime occasioned by ECOWAS. It is upon this contextual premise that the study reveals that, unlike previous studies, every region has its own specificities to take into account when addressing the concept of free movement. Indeed, given the specific character of migratory movements in each region, there are perhaps as many different approaches to the subject as there are regions. In conclusion, despite the socio-economic benefits of the free movement regime, it has shown that the Protocol has been poorly implemented by Nigeria, with its attendant consequences on Nigeria’s national security. This finding was arrived at by subjecting the conventional perspective of regional economic integration to scrutiny, using Nigeria as a case study. The study recommends that guided economic integration is more desirable for Nigeria’s national security than the ideological allegory of the economic integration theory.
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    Assessing the Impact of Maternity Leave Policy on Organisational Performance in Covenant University, Nigeria
    (Journal Of Petsthumanism Volume: 5, No: 1, 2025) Osimen Goddy U.; Ayankoya Abimbola Rachel; Nwobodo Helen; Alawode Olufemi
    Workers are an organization's most asset since without them, it cannot function. As a result, workers are dependent on their employers for both a place to work and the implementation of their own disciplined practices to ensure their welfare. One aspect of an organization's welfare is the maternity leave policy that Covenant University offers its female employees, which is three months of paid leave designed to help women balance their reproductive and productive lives. Employee wellbeing is crucial to ensuring the operation of the organization. The Social Construct theory was used in the investigation. Thus, to critically analyse the impact of employee wellbeing on organizational performance, this study looks at Covenant University's maternity leave policy. As a result, literature searches, questionnaires, and interviews were used to gather both primary and secondary data. Analysis of the collected data was done using correlation, frequency, and percentage. According to the research, there is a small but statistically significant positive correlation between maternity leave policy and organizational performance, and a higher maternity leave policy will result in a modest improvement in organizational performance. Accordingly, the report suggests that Covenant University's maternity leave compensation be examined and raised to full pay once again. The study concludes that there is a direct relationship between organizational success and employee welfare, which is improved by the maternity leave policy.
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    Artificial Intelligence in Modern Warfare: Navigating the Complexities of Ethical Decision-Making in the Face of Uncertainty
    (Power System Technology Volume 49 Issue 2, 2025-05-22) Osimen Goddy U.; Ayankoya Abimbola Rachel; Edokpa Fadal Mary; Ade-Ibijola Aderemi Opeyemi
    The integration of artificial intelligence (AI) into military operations significantly impacts international peace, necessitating a comprehensive understanding of its implications by the international community, scholars, and policymakers. This study examines the ethical issues surrounding AI in modern warfare, with a focus on accountability, particularly in autonomous system failures. Anchored on technological determinism theory, this qualitative study analyzes secondary data from credible sources, including online resources, textbooks, journal articles, conference proceedings, and newspapers. Thematic analysis reveals that the increasing use of AI in warfare raises profound ethical questions about accountanbility, human dignity, and the future of conflict. The study recommends the establishment of a global framework to regulate the military use of artificial intelligence in their operations
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    The weaponisation of artificial intelligence in modern warfare: Implications for global peace and security
    (Research Journal in Advanced Humanities Volume 5, Issue 3, 2024-07) Osimen Goddy U.; Fulani Oluwakemi Morola; Chidozie Felix C.; Dada Dolapo Omolara
    The integration of Artificial Intelligence (AI) into military operations has significant implications for global stability. Understanding these implications is crucial for policymakers, researchers, and the international community. This study addresses the impact of AIdriven technologies on defence systems. It examines autonomous weapons, surveillance, and cyber warfare, highlighting the potential for an arms race. The main argument is that responsible AI deployment is essential for maintaining peace and security. The study is anchored on Deterrence theory. This study adopts qualitative research methods as a means of data collection which is secondary source based, and were merely obtained from textbooks, Journal articles, conference proceedings, Newspapers, and reliable internet materials. The data collected were analysed thematically. The study however revealed that AI enhances military capabilities while raising legal and ethical concerns. The study therefore recommends among others, the need for AI governance via international norms, and cooperation to prevent misuse.
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    The Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS) and the Resurgence of Military Coups in West Africa
    (Journal of African Union Studies Volume 13, (Number 2, 2024-08) Akinyemi Omolara; Apeloko O. D.; Osimen Goddy U.; Chukwudi Ekene Celestina
    The military is designed to protect the polity, but national occurrences have motivated the same to take over political power via a coup to change the government. This study is set to explore the causes of military incursions in West Africa. The study is also to unravel the challenges that the Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS) has faced in the wake of military incursion into politics. Hence, many international organisations and individuals have resolved that the military must accept the authority of civilian rule. In other words, they may be responsible for carrying out a policy decision they disagree with. The rightness or wrongness of a policy or decision can be ambiguous. Civilian decision-makers may be impervious to corrective information. In practice, the relationship between civilian authorities and military leaders must be worked out. The qualitative method of data collection was adopted for this study. Content analysis is adopted in the analysis of this work. The theory of civil-military relations is chosen for the underpinnings of this study. The findings revealed that different countries in ECOWAS states have experienced military incursions whose causes are multifaceted. The causes range from historical government handling of conflicts to acts of impunity, among others. This situation has strained the relationships between member states in their political and socioeconomic engagements. The study therefore concludes that military incursion in politics in West Africa have caused setbacks for ECOWAS in their bid to achieve democracy, integration, and socioeconomic and sustainable development. It is then recommended that democratic institutions should be strengthened, which will help to address the root causes of instability. The leaders of member states should also be held accountable for upholding democratic principles. This study will help policymakers in the West African region foster democratic principles
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    Sustainable development goals implementation in a postcolonial African State: Any future for the African Continental Free Trade Area?
    (Sustainable Development, 2024-04-07) Chidozie Felix C.; Osimen Goddy U.; bhadmus Joy; Newo Oluwamurewa
    This paper examined the prospect of the African Continental Free Trade Agreement in the context of the SDGs. It took its bearing from the contemporary structure of most African states, arguing that the reality of the continent's postcolonial condition could impede the implementation of the AfCFTA. Its refrain is that studies on how Nigeria and South Africa, as regional powers, have used their economic and political influence to advance the SDGs' implementation throughout Africa, using different South–South development frameworks are few. In other words, the institutionalization of a strategic collaboration agenda through a Nigeria-South Africa-coordinated African response to the new powers, in the area of timely implementation of the SDGs is lacking. This study affirms that for the AfCFTA to be successful, it is incumbent on the regional hegemons to build a suitable institutional framework and governance structure that upholds the rule of law and encourages harmonization, consistency, and predictability.