Department of Mathematics.

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    EVALUATION OF THE IMPACT OF FORMATION CHANGES ON GOAL-SCORING POSSIBILITIES IN EUROPE’S TOP FIVE FOOTBALL LEAGUES
    (Covenant University Ota, 2025-08) OLATUNJI, Iyanuoluwa Daivd; Covenant University Dissertation
    This researchexaminestheinfluenceofadaptivetacticalformationswitchingin Europe’stopfiveleagues.Theresearchappliesextensiveevent-basedmatchdata from thetopfiveEuropeanleagues(StatsBombdataset,2015/16season)toanalyse switchesbetweenformationsandtheirinfluenceonmatchresults.Thestudyemploys Markovchains,reinforcementlearningandgametheorytomodelandanalysethe frequency andeffectivenessofformationchangesduringfootballmatchesandpro- vide relevanttacticalinsightsandsuggestions.Thefindingsrevealprofoundstrategic trends intacticalswitches,attestingtothecentralroleofresponsivenessandflexibil- ityinmatchdynamics.Themethodsintroducedinthisstudyyieldbetterresultsin terms ofthecombinationofthemodelscomparetootherexistingmethodswithsingle methodutilized.Thecombinedmethodsquantifytheprobabilitiesandtrade-offsfor variousformationchangesandthus,providebettertacticalinsight.