DSpace 8

DSpace is the world leading open source repository platform that enables organisations to:

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INTERNATIONAL MIGRATION AND NIGERIA-UK RELATIONS: A STUDY OF POST-BREXIT PERIOD
(Covenant University Ota, 2025-08) HAMBOLU, Favour Oluwatosin; Covenant University Dissertation
International migration has become an increasingly prominent feature of Nigeria-UK relations, rooted in colonial history and shaped by contemporary global developments. A key turning point in this relationship was the United Kingdom’s departure from the European Union (Brexit), which led to major changes in the country’s immigration system. These reforms have redefined the pathways for migrants from countries like Nigeria. This study therefore, examines how post-Brexit immigration policies have influenced migration trends and experiences among Nigerian migrants in the UK, the socioeconomic implications of these migration patterns on Nigeria, and the diplomatic engagements between both countries. The study also explores the role of Nigerian migrant networks in facilitating integration and mitigating policy-induced challenges. The study is anchored on the Push-Pull Theory, which explains how unfavourable conditions in Nigeria and better prospects in the UK drive migration and Transnationalism Theory, which emphasises how migrants sustain connections across borders and impact both their countries of origin and host. The study employed a case study research design. Data were obtained from both primary (semi-structured interviews) and secondary sources (official documents, reports, and scholarly literature). Thematic analysis, aided by NVivo software, was used to organise and interpret the data. The findings revealed that post-Brexit immigration reforms have created a mixed landscape of opportunities and challenges for Nigerian migrants. Policies like the Graduate Route visa have expanded post-study work opportunities, while stricter visa rules, work permit limitations, increased border control, and points-based systems have imposed legal, financial, and emotional burdens on Nigerian migrants. These policies have intensified brain drain in Nigeria, particularly in sectors such as healthcare and education, while reinforcing economic interdependence through remittances. The study also finds out that migration is increasingly instrumental in shaping Nigeria–UK diplomatic relations, as evidenced by frameworks like the Migration Partnership Agreement and bilateral migration summits. Nigerian migrant networks were identified as essential support structures, providing legal assistance, emotional support, and policy advocacy that enhance migrant resilience and integration. The study recommends that the Nigerian government should invest in critical sectors to curb push factors, negotiate migration agreements favouring mutual development, and engage diaspora communities more effectively for skills transfer. The UK should adopt more inclusive and development-sensitive migration frameworks. By addressing both domestic and international dimensions of migration, Nigeria and the UK can establish a more balanced and mutually beneficial migration relationship. The study concludes that migration is no longer a peripheral issue but a central factor shaping diplomacy, development, and identity in the post-Brexit era.
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IMPACT OF FINANCIAL INCLUSION AND ENERGY CONSUMPTION ON ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY IN SELECTED SUB-SAHARAN AFRICAN COUNTRIES
(Covenant University Ota, 2025-08) OLAOYE, Olugbenga Olaposi; Covenant University Dissertation
Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) faces a pressing development dilemma: rising energy demand, weak financial inclusion, and worsening environmental degradation. The region’s reliance on fossil fuels such as coal, gas, and oil has intensified carbon emissions and undermined environmental sustainability, while the exclusion of a significant share of the population from formal financial systems constrains their ability to invest in clean energy and sustainable practices. Despite growing global advocacy for inclusive finance and clean energy adoption, existing research provides limited evidence on how financial inclusion moderates the energy–environment nexus, particularly within SSA. Furthermore, the potential influence of structural breaks—such as global financial crises, international climate agreements, and pandemics—on this relationship remains underexplored. These gaps informed the motivation for this study. This research examined the impact of financial inclusion on the relationship between energy consumption and environmental quality across 38 low- and middle-income SSA countries between 1991 and 2022. Anchored on the Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC) hypothesis, the study employed annual secondary data sourced from the World Bank’s World Development Indicators. The Cross-Sectional Autoregressive Distributed Lag (CS-ARDL) model was the principal estimation technique, as it accounts for cross-sectional dependence and heterogeneity while capturing both short- and longrun dynamics. To ensure robustness, the Pooled Mean Group (PMG) estimator was also applied. The empirical results show that energy consumption significantly worsens environmental quality across the region, with middle-income countries exhibiting a stronger positive association between energy use, capital investment, and carbon emissions. Real GDP and gross capital investment further contributed to emissions, reflecting the industrial expansion of African economies. In contrast, the quality of environmental regulation was negatively associated with emissions, indicating its mitigating role, though implementation remains uneven across countries. Financial inclusion was found to be a critical determinant of environmental outcomes: in middle-income economies, greater inclusion significantly reduced emissions by enabling access to credit, green finance, and adoption of cleaner technologies. However, in low-income countries, the short-term effects of financial inclusion on environmental quality were positive but statistically insignificant, reflecting structural constraints in their financial systems. The study concludes that financial inclusion can serve as a viable policy instrument for environmental sustainability in SSA. Expanding inclusive finance, strengthening regulatory enforcement, and aligning financial innovations with Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs), the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), and Africa’s Agenda 2063 are vital for promoting clean energy adoption and building climate-resilient economies.
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DEVELOPMENT OF A HIERARCHICAL ANOMALY DETECTION MODEL IN A FEDERATED CLOUD INFRASTRUCTURE USING ENHANCED GRAPH SAMPLING AND AGGREGATION
(Covenant University Ota, 2025-08) LAWAL, Comfort Oluwaseyi; Covenant University Dissertation
Modern distributed computing systems generate massive volumes of log data, making manual analysis infeasible. Existing methods treat log entries as independent events, failing to leverage structural dependencies and temporal correlations. This limitation is critical in federated cloud infrastructures where anomalies propagate across interconnected services. This research developed a hierarchical anomaly detection model that employs Federated Hierarchical Graph Sampling and Aggregation (Fed-HiGraphSAGE) techniques to enable multi-level anomaly classification in distributed cloud environments while preserving data privacy. FedHiGraphSAGE was built on an Enhanced Hierarchical GraphSAGE architecture, incorporating node features, edge attributes, and hierarchical structure to classify anomalies across five semantic levels: Anomaly, Anomaly-Type, Cloud Component, Application-Type and Specific-cloud-module. The model employs federated learning capabilities, dynamic graph management, hierarchical diagnostic capabilities, adaptive thresholding, and memory-efficient training. It also implemented a HierarchicalStratifiedBalancer to address class imbalance. The model was trained and evaluated using federated learning across three data-contributing regions: Afe Babalola University, Landmark University, and DRC_Congo, with Covenant University serving as the federated learning coordinator. A total of 54,919 system logs were processed from these three regions to simulate real-world federated deployment. The model demonstrated exceptional performance with region-specific accuracies of 91.97% (Afe Babalola), 98.27% (Landmark), and 98.76% (DRC_Congo). Hierarchical metrics confirmed effective multi-level classification with h-precision ranging from 91.82% to 98.99%, h-recall from 90.60% to 98.53%, and h-f1 from 89.95% to 98.66%. The model generated detailed hierarchical anomaly classifications and demonstrated significant performance adaptability across regions while maintaining global model coherence, with federated training reducing the global client’s loss from approximately 0.47 to 0.02 over 15 rounds. This research advances automated system monitoring by demonstrating that federated learning with graph-based representations and hierarchical classification significantly improves anomaly detection performance while enabling cross-regional knowledge sharing. The model’s ability to maintain exceptional performance across multiple classification levels while providing explainable results establishes a new benchmark for automated log analysis in complex distributed systems
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EFFECT OF WORKFORCE AUTOMATION ON EMPLOYEES’ ENGAGEMENT IN DEPOSIT MONEY BANKS IN LAGOS
(Covenant University Ota, 2025-07) NNODUM, Jessica Chinwendu; Covenant University Dissertation
The rapid integration of workforce automation in the banking sector has raised critical concerns about its impact on employee engagement. While automation offers significant benefits such as operational efficiency and cost reduction, its emotional and psychological implications for employees remain insufficiently examined, particularly within Nigeria’s Tier-1 deposit money banks. This study investigates how workforce automation, specifically technological infrastructure, process automation, process efficiency, and task completion rate affect the affective, behavioural, and cognitive engagement of employees in selected commercial banks in Lagos. Using a quantitative research approach, structured questionnaires were administered across five major banks: First Bank, UBA, Access Bank, GTBank, and Zenith Bank. From the 144 distributed questionnaires, 119 valid responses were analysed using Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modelling (PLS-SEM) to evaluate the strength of relationships between the variables. The findings indicate that all four components of workforce automation significantly enhance employee engagement, with technological infrastructure and task completion rate showing the most substantial positive effects across all dimensions. These insights emphasize the need for bank management and policymakers to approach automation not merely as a tool for efficiency but as a strategic asset for sustaining human engagement. By investing in inclusive technological systems, offering continuous digital training, and involving employees in automation-related decisions, organizations can build a resilient and emotionally invested workforce capable of thriving in an increasingly automated environment.
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GREEN FINANCE STRATEGIES AND SUSTAINABLE FASHION MANUFACTURING AMIDST SECOND-HAND CLOTHING IMPORTS IN NIGERIA
(Covenant University Ota, 2025-08) EFFIONG, Esther Uduak; Covenant University Dissertation
Nigeria's fashion industry confronts significant environmental and social challenges due to overwhelming second-hand clothing imports, undermining local manufacturing and increasing textile waste, exacerbated by a nascent green finance sector. This dissertation investigated green finance's role as a catalyst for sustainable fashion manufacturing and its influence on second-hand clothing imports in Nigeria, examining its effect on green and sustained fashion manufacturing and sustainable fashion manufacturing's mediating role. A quantitative survey gathered primary data from 105 staff across Nigerian fashion manufacturing organizations. Analysis employed descriptive statistics, correlation, and regression models, including a three-condition mediation framework. Findings reveal green finance positively affects green fashion manufacturing (boosting it by 96.3%) and sustained fashion manufacturing (boosting it by 102.6%). Crucially, sustainable fashion manufacturing fully mediates this relationship, demonstrating green finance reduces second-hand clothing imports primarily through fostering local sustainable production. The study recommends enhancing access to green finance, implementing robust incentives for green practices, and leveraging sustainable local production growth to reduce second-hand clothing import dependence.