A Demographic Overview of Undergraduates in Nigerian Tertiary Institutions: Implications for Policy and Support Systems

Abstract

This study examines the demographic characteristics of undergraduates in Nigerian tertiary institutions and their implications for educational policies and institutional support systems. Using an ex post facto research design, data were collected from 4,930 respondents across federal, state, and private universities in Southwest, Southeast, and Northcentral Nigeria. A stratified random sampling technique ensured diverse representation, while a socio-demographic questionnaire captured key variables such as gender, age, marital status, religion, and academic levels. Data analysis was performed using descriptive statistics with SPSS Version 26. The findings revealed notable patterns, including a gender imbalance with 63.3% female and 36.7% male respondents, a majority of younger students aged 18–24 years (76.2%), and a predominantly single population (84.1%). Religious diversity was also evident, with Christianity (71%) as the most represented affiliation. These patterns suggest critical areas for intervention, such as promoting gender equity through scholarships and mentorship programs, youth-oriented mental health services, and family-friendly policies to support married students. Additionally, fostering interfaith dialogue and inclusivity remains essential in Nigeria’s diverse higher education environment. These insights highlight the value of demographic analysis for designing inclusive and equitable policies that address the unique needs of Nigerian undergraduates. Future research is recommended to explore regional variations and longitudinal changes in student demographics to further inform policy-making and institutional practices.