Akinsiku, Anuoluwa AbimbolaOdaudu, Ruth OpiotuEjilude, Oluwaseun2026-01-232025https://doi.org/10.1016/j.inoche.2024.113721https://repository.covenantuniversity.edu.ng/handle/123456789/50557The harsh chemicals in conventionally fabricated metal nanoparticles have limited their applications for biomedical purposes. As part of green and sustainable chemistry in this study, an aqueous extract of indigenous Annona muricata was a reductant in preparing silver‑cobalt nanoparticles (Ag Co NPs) for therapeutic appli cation. The reaction progress and rate of formation of nanoparticles were monitored with a UV–visible spec trophotometer. The functional groups, structural morphology, and elemental composition of the Ag Co NPs were confirmed using FTIR, SEM, TEM, and EDX techniques, respectively. This study evaluated the cytotoxicity potential of 21.38± 8.0 nm Ag–– Co NPs on the WEHI 164 cell line for the first time, using an MTT assay and the antimicrobial potential of Ag Co NPs against six microorganisms. The characteristic wavelength of absorption was observed between 400 and 450 nm. The antimicrobial test showed evident growth inhibition by Ag Co NPs on P. aeruginosa, Candida albicans and Aspergillus niger. The in vitro cytotoxicity evaluation on the WEHI 164 cell line indicated that the Ag–– Co NPs were cytotoxic at an IC 50 dosage of 84 concentration-dependent. Hence, the Annona muricata synthesised Ag μ g/mL, and the cytotoxic potential was Co NPs are potential pharmaceutical drug candidates.enCytotoxicity Green chemistry WEHI 164 cell line Annona muricataArticle