Oluwajembola, Abimbola MaryZakari, SuleimanCleanclay, Wisdom D.Ayeni, TimothyAdebosoye, AdewaleOkoh, Olayinka S.Folamade, JoshuaBawa, InalegwuOgunlana, OlubankeOlujoke2026-02-182025https://doi.org/10.1155/tswj/5056618https://repository.covenantuniversity.edu.ng/handle/123456789/50620The uncheckedgrowthandspreadofaberrantcellsdescribeawidelydiversecollectionofdisordersthatcollectivelyconstitute cancer. Conventionaltherapiesforcancer,includingradiationtherapy,chemotherapy,andsurgery,haveincreasedthechances of survivalsignificantly inmostpatients.Thesetraditionalmethodsusuallyresultinlowtumorortumorcellspecificity, significant systemictoxicity,andthedevelopmentofdrugresistance.Thisreviewsummarizesupdatesincancertherapy,some of whichincludecutting-edgetherapiesrepresentedbyCAR-Ttherapy,targetedtherapies,genetherapy,arginine-depriving therapy, mitochondria-targetedtherapies,neutrophil-targetedtherapies,andthelatestPROTACtechnologyforproteolysis- targeting chimera.Ithasemphasizedmechanismsunderlyingthesenewtherapeuticstrategiesandtheirtranslationalpotential for treatinghumancancers.Wefurtherdiscuss,foreachapproach,thechallenges,limitations,sideeffects, anddelivery systems. Thereviewproceedswithadynamicchangeinthelandscapeofcancerresearchinbiology,wheremachinelearning and artificial intelligenceareincreasinglyimportanttoimproveourunderstandingofthemechanismsofcancerandtreatment responses. Wealsodescribethepotentialofstemcelltherapy,metabolomics,andnoveldrugdeliverysystemstowardbetter patient outcomes.Thepaperpullstogethersomeofthecurrentresearch findings andresultsofclinicaltrialsinnew therapeutic developmentsandemergingareasofresearchthatholdoutexcitingpromisesforthefutureprogressofcancer treatmentencancer biologycancertherapeuticsCAR-TemergingtherapiesgenetherapyPROTACArticle