2025-04-01https://repository.covenantuniversity.edu.ng/handle/123456789/39393Earthquake is the passage of vibrations (seismic wave) that spread out in all directions from the source of the disturbance when rocks are suddenly disturbed. An earthquake is caused by sudden slip on a fault which itself described by epicenter, focus, focal depth, after shock, fore shock, magnitude of earthquake, intensity of an earthquake and intensity. Elastic rebound model is a useful guide to how an earthquake may occur. This manuscript reviews the rock responses to stress and the relationship between faults and earthquake. It also reviews the types of earthquake, earthquake seismology, differences between seismic refraction and reflection as well as basic Physics behind an earthquake phenomenonapplication/pdfQ Science (General), QC PhysicsArticle