Browsing by Author "Chinedu, Shalom N."

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Assessment of Extract from Glucose Oxidase-Cellulase Treated Jute Sticks and Green Amaranth Sticks for the Production of Lignocellulose-Based Bioethanol.
(Tropical Journal of Natural Product Research, 2025, Vol 9, 2025) Fashola, Folake A.; Ibidapo, Olubunmi I; Adaran, Adekunle S; Adebayo, Abiodun H.; Chinedu, Shalom N.
The possibility that some carbohydrate oxidases are capable of catalytically cleaving glycosidic bonds offers the opportunity for glucose oxidase to achieve the depolymerization of agro wastes required in the production of second-generation bioethanol. The present study aimed to ascertain the effect of glucose oxidase and cellulase isolated from Aspergillus sp. on locally sourced jute sticks and green amaranth sticks for the production of bioethanol. The Box Behnken design was employed to assess the effect of the different concentrations of sucrose, waste extracts and pH on fermentation efficiency, ethanol percent yield, and reducing sugar yield. The selected agro wastes were subjected to fiber detergent analysis, ATR-FTIR, XRD, and SEM. The fermentation broth was subjected to ATR-FTIR analysis. Compared to oven-dried jute extract, the maximum ethanol yield was achieved at 72 hours for 50% broth containing oven-dried green amaranth extract by a difference of 65.6%. Optimization using the Box Behnken design resulted in an increased yield of ethanol (198%), fermentation efficiency (3.86%) and reducing sugar yield (27.97%) at the combination of factor levels of 5% (sucrose concentration), 2.5% (oven-dried green amaranth extract concentration) and pH 4.5. The cleaving of glycosidic bonds in the waste samples was revealed by ATR-FTIR and further confirmed by SEM. With the evidence of the characteristic bands associated with the presence of ethanol in the fermentation broth, it was concluded that the inclusion of glucose oxidase at low concentrations in the presence of cellulase supported the release of reducing sugars required for the production of lignocellulose - based bioethanol.
Estimation of Reducing Sugars Released from Solvent-Treated Green Amaranth and Jute Sticks.
(Tropical Journal of Natural Product Research, 2025, Vol 9, 2025) Fashola, Folake A.; Magaji, Bello M; Adebayo, Abiodun H.; Chinedu, Shalom N.
The sticks generated from the highly consumed green amaranth and jute plants in South West Nigeria contain trapped polysaccharide resources that can serve as a source of reducing sugars required in the production of enzymes or biofuel. These waste resources can be harnessed as resources with no food value. To estimate the reducing sugars released from the green amaranth and jute sticks, this study employed four solvents (sodium hydroxide, ethanol, hydrogen peroxide and citrate-phosphate buffer) to harness the trapped sugar resources. The sticks were collected and processed. The components of the processed green amaranth and jute sticks were ascertained by proximate analysis. Interaction effects of solvents, time and temperature on the release of reducing sugars from the processed samples were estimated using the Box-Behnken design and the two-level factorial design. Despite the low protein, fat and moisture content, oven-dried samples showed a higher carbohydrate content. The Box-Behnken design revealed the released reducing sugars using 1.25N sodium hydroxide (2.393 mg/ml ± 0.494), 1.25N hydrogen peroxide (1.240 mg/ml ± 0.093) at 50 °C and 2N ethanol (1.780 mg/ml ± 0.008) at 28 °C for 60 minutes favour oven-dried green stick wastes (OGSW) over oven-dried jute stick wastes (OJSW) by a difference of 61.92%, 73.28% and 31.92%. The ability of citrate-phosphate buffer to release reducing sugars favours OGSW over OJSW with a difference of 37.3% at the factor level of pH 6, 50 °C, and 60 minutes. With the significant interaction effect of variables, the citrate-phosphate buffer was considered a greener and more suitable option.
Leveraging Epigenetic Biomarkers and CRISPR-Cas12a for Early Prostate Cancer Detection in Sub-Saharan Africa: Opportunities and Challenges
(2025) Nguedia, Niela K.; Amadi, Emmanuel C.; Kintung, Irrinus F.; Ogunlana, Olubanke O.; Chinedu, Shalom N.
Malaria infection and telomere length: A review
(Microbial Pathogenesis, 2025) Wakai, Theophilus N.; Fiamitia, Carrin; Oba, Emmanuel B.; Chinedu, Shalom N.; Afolabi, Israel S.
Telomere shortening is a key hallmark of cellular aging, and its association with various infectious diseases is well-documented. However, the role of telomere dynamics in malaria pathogenesis remains underexplored. In addition to its influence, malaria infection not only modulates signals within immune cells but also drives telomere shortening in these cells via diverse mechanisms, potentially leaving long-term imprints on human health. Acute malaria infections initiate rapid telomere degradation, promote accelerated cellular senescence, and suppress telomerase expression with possible partial recovery as the parasite clears during treatment. Conversely, prolonged exposure to Plasmodium infection, prevalent among individuals residing in highly endemic regions like Africa, is often aggravated by coexisting infections, potentially exacerbating malaria pathogenesis, accelerating telomere length shortening, and increasing susceptibility to age-related ailments. Herein, we review recent findings into the effects of malaria on telomere attrition, shedding light on possible mechanisms and key factors contributing to this process. Additionally, we present an overview of how oxidative stress and inflammatory mediators contribute to telomere length shortening in malaria. Furthermore, we discuss the potential of telomere length as a biomarker for malaria severity and treatment outcomes.