DSpace 8

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ASSESSMENT OF THE INFLUENCE OF NATIONAL CYBERSECURITY POLICY AND CITIZENS’ RIGHTS IN NIGERIA (2015-2024)
(Covenant University Ota, 2025-08) WONOSIKOU, Mohadapwa Hunnoungu; Covenant University Dissertation
Nigeria officially ventured into protecting its cyberspace in 2001 and has enacted its National Cybersecurity Policy and Strategy alongside legislative instruments such as the Cybercrimes Act 2015 and the National Data Protection Regulation 2019, to safeguard more than 103 million Internet users. Nonetheless, ongoing debates highlight that these measures may encroach upon fundamental freedoms, underscoring the complex task of balancing national security with individual rights. This study examined the implications of Nigeria’s National Cybersecurity Policy and Strategy and accompanying legislation on the digital rights of its citizens. Grounded in Buzan and Wæver’s Theory of Securitisation, this exploratory research employed a mixed-methods of data collection. A purposive and snowball sample of fifteen stakeholders, including journalists, activists, lawyers, and cybersecurity experts, participated in semi-structured interviews, complemented by document reviews of key policy texts. Thematic analysis was used to organise and categorise emergent themes systematically. Findings revealed that although the national cybersecurity policy and related laws were intended to strengthen data security, their implementation has expanded state surveillance capacities while eroding substantive privacy protections. Cybersecurity provisions have been instrumentalised to legitimise content removals and platform shutdowns, producing a chilling effect on public discourse. Furthermore, rather than explicit legal prohibitions, citizens primarily confront significant implementation gaps and infrastructural barriers that impede equitable Internet access. By presenting a comprehensive empirical study of Nigeria’s cybersecurity framework in a developing-country context, this research provided a unique insight into the security-privacy nexus and the operationalization of securitising discourse. In response, this study proposed, among other recommendations, harmonising policy with international human-rights standards; establishing a robust, independent oversight mechanism; and mandate transparency; and launching sustained digital-rights awareness. This study concluded that aligning Nigeria’s cybersecurity objectives with rigorous rights protections is essential to safeguarding national security while upholding the digital freedoms of all citizens.
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ASSOCIATION OF COMT AND CYP1B1 POLYMORPHISMS WITH PROSTATE CANCER RISK IN NIGERIAN MEN
(Covenant University Ota, 2025-09) Pirisola, Ayomikun Joshua; Covenant University Dissertation
Prostate cancer (PCa) disproportionately affects men of African descent, with Nigeria recording high mortality rates, yet genetic studies in this population remain sparse. This study investigated the association between COMT rs4680 Val158Met, rs9332377, and CYP1B1 rs1056836 genetic variants and PCa risk and severity in Nigerian men. This case-control study involved 65 histologically confirmed PCa patients aged (median) 65 years old and 59 healthy controls aged (median) 60 years old. Genomic DNA was extracted from whole blood. Genotyping was conducted via TaqMan real-time PCR. Chi-square tests were conducted to compare genotype/allele frequencies, and associations were estimated using unadjusted logistic regression odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals. Kruskal-Wallis tests and Spearman correlations were used to examine correlations with Gleason scores. Findings showed that there is a significant genotype and allele difference in COMT rs4680, where low-activity AA is the genotype that presents high risk (OR=9.50, 95% CI: 3.08-36.42, p<0.001 vs. GG), under genotypic as well as dominant models. In the case of rs9332377, the effect of the TT genotype showed a trend towards a protective effect but did not reach statistical significance (OR=0.21, 95% CI: 0.03-0.94, p=0.062 vs. CC). There were significant differences in CYP1B1 rs1056836, with the C alleles higher in cases (83.7% vs. 13.6%), and the GG risk being borderline (OR=4.074, p=0.056). None of the variants were significantly correlated with Gleason scores (p>0.05), although there was a trend in the case of rs1056836 (Spearman rho=0.263, p=0.089). These results suggest that genetic variation in COMT and CYP1B1 may contribute to PCa susceptibility among Nigerian men, potentially through impaired oestrogen detoxification pathways. Further validation in larger cohorts, with adjustments for environmental factors and comparisons across populations, is needed to clarify these associations.
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EVALUATION OF SYNTHETIC FLAVONOID BASED COMPOUNDS AS INHIBITORS OF Plasmodium falciparum TRANSKETOLASE
(Covenant University Ota, 2025-09) OROGUN, Yetunde Grace; Covenant University Dissertation
Malaria, primarily attributed to Plasmodium falciparum, remains a significant contributor to global mortality, with Africa experiencing the greatest burden, particularly in countries such as Nigeria, the Democratic Republic of Congo, and Mozambique. The rise in resistance to present therapies, including Artemisinin-based Combination Therapies (ACTs), underscores the urgent need for novel drug targets. Transketolase, a thiamine-dependent enzyme in the non-oxidative arm of the pentose phosphate pathway, is vital for parasite metabolism and structurally distinct from the human enzyme, making it a promising selective target. Twenty synthetic flavonoid-based compounds were evaluated as potential inhibitors of P. falciparum transketolase (PfTk). Molecular docking revealed strong binding affinities, while ADMET profiling showed that most compounds complied with Lipinski’s rule. Notably, Compounds 6, 7, 11, and 13 were predicted to be orally bioavailable with favorable pharmacokinetic and drug-likeness properties. The compounds were further tested in vitro against PfTk and human transketolase (hTk), with oxythiamine as the positive control, and cytotoxicity was assessed using hemolysis assays on human red blood cells. The results demonstrated that several compounds exhibited high potency and selective inhibition of PfTk with minimal activity on hTk. Among them, Compounds 6, 7, and 10 emerged as the most promising leads, combining high selectivity, oral bioavailability, and favorable safety margins. Additionally, Compounds 11 and 13, analogues of Compound 10, showed good drug-likeness and oral bioavailability, indicating potential for structural optimization. Hemolysis assays confirmed minimal red blood cell lysis across all compounds, supporting their safety. In conclusion, this study validates PfTk as a viable drug target and identifies Compounds 6, 7, and 10 as strong lead candidates, with Compounds 11 and 13 as promising analogues for further optimization and development of safe, effective antimalarial agents.
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ANALYSIS OF PHYTATE CONTENT VARIABILITY AND MOLECULAR CHARACTERISATION OF GENES IN COWPEA LANDRACES
(Covenant University Ota, 2025-08) OMODIAGBE, David Eromosele; Covenant University Dissertation
Phytate is a naturally occurring phosphorus-storage compound in seeds, but it reduces the bioavailability of iron, zinc, and calcium in human diets. Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp), an essential dietary protein source widely consumed in Nigeria, contains notable phytate levels, which may hinder micronutrient absorption with regular consumption. This study investigated phytate content in Nigerian cowpea accessions and explored candidate genes involved in its biosynthesis to guide future efforts for nutritional improvement. Thirty (30) cowpea landraces were obtained from the National Centre for Genetic Resources and Biotechnology (NACGRAB). Phytate concentration was quantified using acid digestion followed by filtration and titration. To explore the genetic basis of phytate accumulation, protein sequences of known phytate biosynthetic genes from Arabidopsis thaliana, Glycine max, and Phaseolus vulgaris were retrieved from Phytozome 14.0. These sequences were used for BLASTp searches to identify putative homologues in cowpea. Homologous cowpea sequences were aligned and subjected to phylogenetic analysis using the Neighbour-Joining method in MEGA v12.0.11 with 10,000 bootstrap replicates to assess evolutionary relationships. The results showed significant variation in phytate content, 3.96‒30.94mg/g (p < 0.001) across cowpea accessions. The cowpea sequences displayed strong homology to known phytate biosynthetic enzymes in seed, MIPS (Myo-inositol-3-phosphate synthase), ITPK (Inositol 1,3,4-triphosphate 5/6-kinase), IPK2 (Inositol 1,4,5-tris-phosphate kinase), MRP (Multidrug-resistance-associated protein ATP-binding cassette), IMP (Inositol monophosphate phosphatase), MIK (Myo-inositol kinase), and IPK1 (Inositol 1,3,4,5,6 pentakisphosphate 2-kinase), with low E-values and high identity percentages. Phylogenetic clustering of cowpea sequences alongside those from related legumes suggests potential functional conservation, although expression-level validation is necessary. Quantitative gene expression profiling to further clarify the roles of these genes in phytate biosynthesis and accumulation is needed. These identified genes could be prioritised for reverse genetics or transcriptomic studies, provided that tissue-specific expression and off-target impacts are carefully evaluated
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ASSESSMENT OF THE IMPACT OF FAULTS IN A DISTRIBUTION NETWORK: A CASE STUDY OF COVENANT UNIVERSITY
(Covenant University Ota, 2025-07) ECHEMITA, Timothy; Covenant University Dissertation
Electrical faults pose significant challenges to the reliable and safe operation of distribution networks, often causing equipment damage, service interruptions, and reduced protection system effectiveness. This research investigates the impact of faults within the Covenant University distribution network. The objectives were to develop a representative network model, identify potential fault types, and assess their influence on overall system performance. A detailed MATLAB/Simulink model of the distribution network was created, and simulations were conducted for five primary fault types: single line-to-ground, double-line, double-line-to- ground, three-phase, and three-phase-to-ground faults, all under steady-state load conditions. The simulation results demonstrated distinct variations in fault current magnitudes and voltage responses depending on the fault type, with three-phase faults producing the highest currents. These results were compared against the interrupting capacities of protective devices installed in the Chapel, College of Science and Technology (CST), and Electrical and Information Engineering (EIE) powerhouses. The analysis revealed instances where simulated fault currents exceeded device ratings, indicating potential weaknesses in the existing protection scheme. Overall, the study emphasizes the importance of simulation-based fault assessment in evaluating protection adequacy and enhancing system resilience. Additionally, the findings provide a reference framework for protection analysis in similar institutional microgrids