College of Management and Social Sciences
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Item LAWS OF WAR AND MILITARY ENGAGEMENTS: A STUDY OF INTERNAL SECURITY OPERATIONS IN NIGERIA(Covenant University Ota, 2025-08) SUNDAY, Victor Henry; Covenant University DissertationThis study investigates the impact of Lafarge Africa Plc’s corporate community relations on local development in Ewekoro, Ogun State, Nigeria. As corporate social responsibility (CSR) becomes increasingly important in industrial communities, the research evaluates how Lafarge’s initiatives align with stakeholder expectations across four key areas: education, health and safety, economic empowerment, and infrastructure. The study used a mixed-methods approach to gather data through structured questionnaires, interviews, and focus group discussions in four host communities—Itori, Papalanto, Oke-Oko-Egbado, and Olapeleke. Participants were selected to reflect diverse stakeholder groups across Lafarge’s CSR pillars. Quantitative data were analysed using SPSS, while qualitative responses were examined thematically. Findings reveal that while Lafarge’s efforts have improved infrastructure and contributed to community stability, significant gaps remain in education, healthcare, empowerment, and inclusive communication. Many residents feel excluded from decision-making, and projects are often perceived as short-term or misaligned with pressing community needs. Anchored in Stakeholder Theory and Social Responsibility Theory, the study underscores the need for transparent, participatory, and context-driven CSR. It contributes to CSR literature in Nigeria’s cement industry and offers practical recommendations for improving inclusion, trust, and development outcomes in corporate-community engagement.Item ASSESSMENT OF CRISIS COMMUNICATION AND SOCIAL MEDIA USAGE FOR CRISIS MANAGEMENT: A STUDY OF FLUTTERWAVE AND PAYSTACK(Covenant University Ota, 2025-08) NWITE, Juliet Ngozi; Covenant University DissertationThis study assessed crisis communication and social media usage for crisis management in the Nigerian Fintech sector, focusing on Flutterwave and Paystack. Guided by the Situational Crisis Communication Theory and the Social-Mediated Crisis Communication Model, the research adopted a mixed-methods approach, combining a cross-sectional survey of 400 respondents with descriptive content analysis of official crisis-related communications from the two companies. The objectives were to examine the extent of social media utilization for crisis management, identify the strategies employed, evaluate the influence of social media use on public reaction, and analyze public complaints regarding crisis communication on social media. The findings revealed that both Flutterwave and Paystack actively used social media platforms, particularly X (formerly Twitter), during crises. Flutterwave’s communication was characterized by frequent, real-time updates and direct engagement, while Paystack adopted a more measured approach with fewer but more detailed updates. Timeliness, transparency, and interactive engagement emerged as significant factors influencing public trust and perception. However, common complaints included delayed responses, insufficient detail in updates, and perceived lack of empathy in crisis communication. The study concludes that effective use of social media is essential for Fintech crisis management, as it directly impacts stakeholder trust and brand reputation. The study recommends enhancing real-time communication capacity, ensuring consistency of messages across platforms, integrating empathy and transparency into crisis communication, and using public sentiment analysis to refine crisis strategies. The research contributes to existing knowledge by providing empirical evidence on Fintech crisis communication in Nigeria, extending theoretical applications of SCCT and SMCC to an African context, and offering practical strategies for improving corporate crisis responses in the digital era.Item GREEN FINANCE STRATEGIES AND SUSTAINABLE FASHION MANUFACTURING AMIDST SECOND-HAND CLOTHING IMPORTS IN NIGERIA(Covenant University Ota, 2025-08) EFFIONG, Esther Uduak; Covenant University DissertationNigeria's fashion industry confronts significant environmental and social challenges due to overwhelming second-hand clothing imports, undermining local manufacturing and increasing textile waste, exacerbated by a nascent green finance sector. This dissertation investigated green finance's role as a catalyst for sustainable fashion manufacturing and its influence on second-hand clothing imports in Nigeria, examining its effect on green and sustained fashion manufacturing and sustainable fashion manufacturing's mediating role. A quantitative survey gathered primary data from 105 staff across Nigerian fashion manufacturing organizations. Analysis employed descriptive statistics, correlation, and regression models, including a three-condition mediation framework. Findings reveal green finance positively affects green fashion manufacturing (boosting it by 96.3%) and sustained fashion manufacturing (boosting it by 102.6%). Crucially, sustainable fashion manufacturing fully mediates this relationship, demonstrating green finance reduces second-hand clothing imports primarily through fostering local sustainable production. The study recommends enhancing access to green finance, implementing robust incentives for green practices, and leveraging sustainable local production growth to reduce second-hand clothing import dependence.Item DEEPFAKES IN NEWS SOURCING: A STUDY OF LAGOS JOURNALISTS’ KNOWLEDGE, ATTITUDES AND PRACTICES(Covenant University Ota, 2025-08) OLUWAGBILE, Dabira Precious; Covenant University DissertationThe increasing prevalence of deepfakes; artificially generated videos, images, and audio, poses a substantial threat to news sourcing and the credibility of journalistic practice. This study critically examines the knowledge, attitudes, and practices of journalists in Lagos, Nigeria, concerning deepfakes, with the objective of assessing their levels of awareness, perceived ability to identify deepfakes, and experiences confronting such content in professional contexts. Utilizing a quantitative approach, data were collected from 400 journalists drawn from print, radio, television, and online platforms in Lagos, Nigeria. For the quantitative approach, four news gatekeepers were also interviewed. Analysis reveals high levels of awareness (93.5%) and self-reported confidence in identifying deepfakes (93%), yet exposes notable gaps in technical knowledge and a lack of clear distinction between deepfakes and other misinformation forms. The study recommends sustained training, the integration of deepfake detection skills into professional development and newsroom policy, and investment in technological tools to enhance detection and verification practices. These measures are vital to safeguarding journalistic integrity in an evolving digital information landscape.Item ASSESSING CONSUMER SHOPPING AND CYBER PROTECTION ON E-COMMERCE BRANDS(Covenant University Ota, 2025-07) AKINOLA, Mobolaji Nifemi; Covenant University DissertationThis paper examines the consumer shopping behavior and cyber protection in the evolving ecommerce industry in Nigeria, especially in Lagos State. With online retail growing at an increasing pace, issues regarding data security, trust and digital fraud have been raised, particularly within the context of informal and social commerce. The research investigates how consumers navigate these concerns, the cybersecurity measures adopted by e-commerce brands, and how these factors influence trust and purchase decisions. Using a mixed-method approach, the study employs both survey results and qualitative inquiry to evaluate security measures among consumers, safety functions offered by the brands, and the reaction of consumers to the internet threats. Results indicate that, though most consumers understand some fundamental security measures, there are some holes in cybersecurity literacy, particularly among non-techsavvy users. Brands, though increasingly proactive, often fail to effectively communicate their safety protocols. Based on the research findings, the report concludes that digital trust is not based on technology only but on transparency, user education, and a consistent security message. Recommendations include enhancing digital literacy, implementing more user-friendly safety signals, and enforcing clearer data protection policies to strengthen consumer confidenceItem DIGITAL ASSISTANTS AND CUSTOMER EXPERIENCE: A STUDY OF ACE MEDICARE CLINIC, OGUN STATE, NIGERIA(Covenant University Ota, 2025-07) MELFORD, Ruth Nimi; Covenant University DissertationAmidst rising demand for more efficient and responsive healthcare, this study investigates the impact of digital assistants on customer experience in Nigeria's healthcare sector. The study looks at how voice recognition technologies, chatbots, digital avatars, and predictive analytics affect the cognitive, relational, sensorial, and affective elements of the patient experience. The study used a descriptive survey design guided by the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) and the HealthQual model, with a positivist ideology at its core. Primary data were acquired from 195 patients at Ace Medicare Clinic in Ogun State using structured questionnaires. The data was analysed using SPSS version 25, which included descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation, and multiple regression analysis. The findings revealed that voice recognition technologies greatly improved cognitive experience, whereas predictive analytics improved emotive experience. However, chatbots and digital avatars had little or no impact on relational and sensory experiences, respectively. The study also discovered that criteria like usability, digital literacy, and trust influenced patient opinions. It concludes that, while digital assistants show potential, their usefulness is context dependent. The report advocates user centred design, digital literacy training, and tighter privacy safeguards to improve the incorporation of AI capabilities in Nigerian healthcare delivery.Item IMPACT OF CLIMATE CHANGE AND WAGE INCOME ON FOOD SECURITY OF FEMALE-HEADED HOUSEHOLDS IN SELECTED WEST AFRICAN COUNTRIES(Covenant University Ota, 2025-09) ODE OMENKA, Loveth Chiduma; Covenant University ThesisThe critical relevance of food security in West Africa cannot be overemphasised due to the regional level of vulnerability which is driven by conflict, displacement, economic instability, and severe climate shocks. Food security in the West African region faces mounting challenges and climate change has emerged as one of the most significant drivers of the current food crisis. This study represents one of the few empirical investigations that analyzed the impact of climate change and wage income on food security, particularly by comparing households experiencing severe climate change to those without. The broad objective of this research is to examine how climate change and wage income affects food security across West African countries with a particular focus on Nigeria and Senegal. The study is supported by the Resilience Theory which explores household capacity to withstand environmental shocks and the Sustainable Finance Theory, which emphasises the importance of economic stability and inclusion in ensuring long-term food access. A mixed-methods approach was employed to capture both quantitative and qualitative dimensions of the research problem. Quantitative data were obtained from the Living Standards Measurement Study-Integrated Surveys on Agriculture (LSMS-ISA), while qualitative data were collected through fieldwork across selected rural communities. The study utilised Statistical techniques such as Logistic Regression and Propensity Score Matching (PSM) to estimate the effect of climate change exposure and livelihood factors on food consumption outcomes. Geospatial technique was also used to graphically represent the impact of Climate Change. The qualitative analysis complemented the statistical findings with insights from the field especially highlighting gendered dimensions of agricultural labour wage and food consumption. Findings from Nigeria revealed that households exposed to severe climate change experienced 11.1% reduction in food consumption adequacy. Households with female agricultural wage earners had significantly higher odds (55.3%) of achieving high food consumption levels. Climate change was associated with a 10.15% decrease in the likelihood of adequate food consumption (Coefficient: −0.102; T-statistic: −45.77, p<0.001), emphasising the negative impact of environmental stress on food access. Notably, the interaction between climate change and household wage (Coefficient: 0.724; z = 14.56, p<0.001) showed positive influence indicating that wage stability can moderate the adverse effects of climate disruptions. In contrast, findings from Senegal revealed a marginally positive relationship between severe climate change exposure and food consumption (Coefficient: 0.219; p = 0.056), likely due to the presence of food aid, adaptation strategies, and coping mechanisms. However, the absence of female agricultural wage earners significantly reduced food consumption (Coefficient: −0.485; p = 0.003), reinforcing the importance of gender inclusion in the agricultural sector economy. Food purchases emerged as a critical determinant of food consumption in both countries, linking market access and household income directly to food security. This study recommends that policymakers implement integrated strategies that promote climate resilience, increase household income through wage diversification and empower women in agriculture. Therefore, investment in climate-smart agriculture, social protection programs, market stabilisation mechanisms, and gender-sensitive employment policies are essential to ensure sustainable food security in West Africa. Keywords: Climate Change, Food Security,Item DIGITAL TECHNOLOGY EXPOSURE AND FEMALE YOUTHS’ LABOUR FORCE PARTICIPATION IN NIGERIA(Covenant University Ota, 2025-08) BABALOLA, Charity Ifelolorun; Covenant University DissertationAmidst the growing global attention on the role of technology in driving economic inclusion, it is important to understand the impact of digital technology exposure on young women in developing countries like Nigeria which is paramount for policy and development outcomes in transforming in human capital and the economy of the country. This study explores the effect of digital technology exposure on labour force participation among female youths in Nigeria, within the broader context of socioeconomic and regional inequality that exists in female employment and access to digital technology. The data for the study is from the 2018 Nigeria Demographic and Health Survey (NDHS), focusing on females between age 15 and 30. Three kind of analysis was conducted: univariate, bivariate (cross tabulation and chi-square), and multivariate (binary logistic regression analysis) to examine the effects of background factors (age, highest level of education, marital status, wealth, residence and Religion), contextual factors (region, and mass media exposure) and digital technology exposure (Use of internet, frequency of use, mobile phone ownership and use of mobile phone for financial transaction) on labour force participation. The key findings of this study revealed that digital technology exposure is a significant predictor of employment among female youths. However, disparities persist across regions, education levels, and socioeconomic groups in access to digital technology and labour force participation. Media exposure was also found to positively influence both digital access and labour participation. The study also revealed that access to and the use of digital tools such as mobile phones and mobile financial tools are strong predictors of female labour force participation. These results emphasise the need for targeted interventions to promote digital inclusion and economic opportunities for young women in Nigeria.Item IMPACT OF FINANCIAL INCLUSION AND ENERGY CONSUMPTION ON ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY IN SELECTED SUB-SAHARAN AFRICAN COUNTRIES(Covenant University Ota, 2025-08) OLAOYE, Olugbenga Olaposi; Covenant University DissertationSub-Saharan Africa (SSA) faces a pressing development dilemma: rising energy demand, weak financial inclusion, and worsening environmental degradation. The region’s reliance on fossil fuels such as coal, gas, and oil has intensified carbon emissions and undermined environmental sustainability, while the exclusion of a significant share of the population from formal financial systems constrains their ability to invest in clean energy and sustainable practices. Despite growing global advocacy for inclusive finance and clean energy adoption, existing research provides limited evidence on how financial inclusion moderates the energy–environment nexus, particularly within SSA. Furthermore, the potential influence of structural breaks—such as global financial crises, international climate agreements, and pandemics—on this relationship remains underexplored. These gaps informed the motivation for this study. This research examined the impact of financial inclusion on the relationship between energy consumption and environmental quality across 38 low- and middle-income SSA countries between 1991 and 2022. Anchored on the Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC) hypothesis, the study employed annual secondary data sourced from the World Bank’s World Development Indicators. The Cross-Sectional Autoregressive Distributed Lag (CS-ARDL) model was the principal estimation technique, as it accounts for cross-sectional dependence and heterogeneity while capturing both short- and longrun dynamics. To ensure robustness, the Pooled Mean Group (PMG) estimator was also applied. The empirical results show that energy consumption significantly worsens environmental quality across the region, with middle-income countries exhibiting a stronger positive association between energy use, capital investment, and carbon emissions. Real GDP and gross capital investment further contributed to emissions, reflecting the industrial expansion of African economies. In contrast, the quality of environmental regulation was negatively associated with emissions, indicating its mitigating role, though implementation remains uneven across countries. Financial inclusion was found to be a critical determinant of environmental outcomes: in middle-income economies, greater inclusion significantly reduced emissions by enabling access to credit, green finance, and adoption of cleaner technologies. However, in low-income countries, the short-term effects of financial inclusion on environmental quality were positive but statistically insignificant, reflecting structural constraints in their financial systems. The study concludes that financial inclusion can serve as a viable policy instrument for environmental sustainability in SSA. Expanding inclusive finance, strengthening regulatory enforcement, and aligning financial innovations with Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs), the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), and Africa’s Agenda 2063 are vital for promoting clean energy adoption and building climate-resilient economies.Item EFFECT OF WORKFORCE AUTOMATION ON EMPLOYEES’ ENGAGEMENT IN DEPOSIT MONEY BANKS IN LAGOS(Covenant University Ota, 2025-07) NNODUM, Jessica Chinwendu; Covenant University DissertationThe rapid integration of workforce automation in the banking sector has raised critical concerns about its impact on employee engagement. While automation offers significant benefits such as operational efficiency and cost reduction, its emotional and psychological implications for employees remain insufficiently examined, particularly within Nigeria’s Tier-1 deposit money banks. This study investigates how workforce automation, specifically technological infrastructure, process automation, process efficiency, and task completion rate affect the affective, behavioural, and cognitive engagement of employees in selected commercial banks in Lagos. Using a quantitative research approach, structured questionnaires were administered across five major banks: First Bank, UBA, Access Bank, GTBank, and Zenith Bank. From the 144 distributed questionnaires, 119 valid responses were analysed using Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modelling (PLS-SEM) to evaluate the strength of relationships between the variables. The findings indicate that all four components of workforce automation significantly enhance employee engagement, with technological infrastructure and task completion rate showing the most substantial positive effects across all dimensions. These insights emphasize the need for bank management and policymakers to approach automation not merely as a tool for efficiency but as a strategic asset for sustaining human engagement. By investing in inclusive technological systems, offering continuous digital training, and involving employees in automation-related decisions, organizations can build a resilient and emotionally invested workforce capable of thriving in an increasingly automated environment.