Browsing by Author "Osimen Goddy U."

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2011 POST-ELECTORAL VIOLENCE IN NIGERIA: LESSON FOR 2015 GENERAL ELECTION
(American International Journal of Research in Humanities, Arts and Social Sciences, 2013) Osimen Goddy U.; OLOGUNOWA CHRISTOPHER SUNDAY
Nigeria is a heterogeneous country with diverse and overlapping religious and ethnic divisions. Nigerian culture is as diverse as its population, which is estimated to be around 150 million. With the regaining of political process in 1999 after over thirty (30) years of military rule, Nigeria looked set for a return to stability and the regaining of its position in the commity of nations particularly in Africa. Wrongly so, this was not to be. Since the 1999 to the 2011 General elections, the Nigeria electoral and political landscape has fallen from par to below par and has moved from violence to greater violence. The level and magnitude of electoral and political violence has risen and the political elites have often converted poverty ridden unemployed Nigerian youths into readymade machinery for the perpetration of electoral violence. This is linked to the political system and institution that in theory has failed to political participation and in practice has seen the political elites forming bulk of the sponsors and perpetrators of electoral violence. This paper therefore, painstakingly analyzed the electoral malpractices and fraud that have characterized elections in Nigeria since 1960 till 2011 general elections in chronological order. In the final analysis, it was discovered that virtually all the electoral malpractices and fraud associated with elections including violence and crises are carried out by youths, who are paid and hired by politicians as party thugs to threatened the electorate and thereby disrupts the smooth democratic process. Necessary recommendations were given to promote and sustain credible, free and fair elections in Nigeria.
Africans Caught in the Web of Migration, the Fears, the Tears, and the Triumphs
(Palgrave Macmillan, 2024) Daudu Basil Osayin; Osimen Goddy U.
An Assessment of Corruption in the Public Sector in Nigeria: A Study of Akure South Local Government Area, Ondo State
(Canadian Social Science Vol. 9, No. 5,, 2013) Osimen Goddy U.; Adenegan Taiwo Samuel; Balogun Akinyemi
Issue of corruption in Nigeria has been a major concern to all and sundry in the society. The upsurge of this social menace in Nigeria in recent times is disturbing and it seems the menace has defied all kinds of treatment and the damage it has caused to national life cannot be quantified. The objective of this paper therefore, is to examine and assess corruption in the public sector in Nigeria with particular reference to Akure South Local Government Area of Ondo State. It has generated data based on questionnaires, on the public perception and level of corruption in the study area. The questionnaire and the groups tested were segmented. However, it was observed that many factors such as; lack of transparency, moral laxity, weak government institutions, unemployment and poverty etc were significant factors stimulating corruption in Nigeria. By this result, it means that proactive measures must be shaped towards eradicating corruption in Nigeria. This paper recommends, among others, that government should strengthen the institutions established to fight corruption
An Unnecessary War of Fame: The East and West NATO’s Enlargement Strategies and the Geopolitics of Russo- Ukrainian Conflict
(International Journal of Research in Humanities and Social Studies Volume 9, Issue 4, 2022) Osimen Goddy U.; Ade-Ibijola Aderemi Opeyemi
Russian invasion of Ukraine is one of the most critical geopolitical crises the world leaders are facing currently. And is being seen as one of the most serious test of European security in the recent time, and its presents a serious challenge as to understanding of President Putin‟s geopolitical intentions while, these grievances included the long-simmering dispute over the expansion of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) and the legitimacy of Ukrainian identity as well as their statehood. It reflected a worldview Putin had long expressed, emphasizing the deep-seated unity among the Eastern Slavs-Russians and Ukrainians who they both trace their origins to the medieval KyivanRus commonwealth-and suggesting that the modern states of Russia and Ukraine should share a common political destiny now and in the future. Owing to that view is the claim that distinct Ukrainian identity is the product of foreign manipulation mostly, by Russia‟s acclaimed imperial rivals; using Ukraine as part of an “anti-Russia project. Consequently, the paper revealed that NATO is not only Russia‟s problem but, Russia‟s ambitions to extend beyond preventing Ukrainian NATO membership and encompass a more detailed aspiration to dominate Ukraine politically, militarily, and economically triggered the current conflict in Ukraine. The paper further revealed that Russia is almost certain to flop in its bid to establish lasting control over its neighbors owing to external factors, mostly the West and the nonconformist nature of Ukraine government. Therefore, concludes that if Russia must feel fully secure with regard to Ukraine, Ukraine must be territorially truncated or geopolitically neutralized by Russia. Then, if neutralization is not feasible as a strategy, Russia must renewed stability, though, this option would largely depend either on the West agreeing in renewed Russian control of Ukraine, or on Russia accepting the loss of Ukraine. It is most likely that a non-cooperative result will emerge at the end of the day, in which Russia may limit its military activity, but will continue to ensure that Ukraine cannot do what is desired to achieve or join Europe-west- NATO world.
Armed Banditry and Mass School Abductions in Northern Nigeria: Implications for National Security
(Canadian Social Science Vol. 18, No. 4, 2022) Osimen Goddy U.; Daudu Basil Osayin
Security threats in Nigeria, due to activities of armed bandits/extremist such as kidnapping school children for ransom is one of the major prevalent insecurity issues that threaten to collapse government structures in the country. Nigeria is currently groaning under the yoke of the jihadist/Islamic movement, secessionist’s movement and all manners of criminalities. The recent spate of abductions and mass kidnapping of school children represents one of the existential threats to the future of education in northern Nigeria. The problems have provoked serious concerns across the nation, has called for urgent and holistic resolution. It has continued to be precarious, volatile and highly unpredictable, therefore creating untold fear on the people in the region; exacerbate the close down of many schools, food crisis situation, sexual molestation/slavery, and increasing wave of Internally Displaced Persons. Government’s response to the challenges has generally been ineffectual, uncoordinated and poorly executed. This paper, therefore, examines the mainstream of armed banditry, hostage taking/kidnapping in northern schools and their security threats to Nigeria. This paper anchored on “Failed state theory” and data were sourced through secondary means and analyzed qualitatively. The paper revealed that lack of education, mass illiteracy and lack of employment opportunities are among the root causes of the criminalities, banditry, and terrorism in northern Nigeria. Hence, government cannot be passive about this security challenge. It is obviously clear that government has failed in her duty to provide basic needs and has also failed to defend and protect her people. Therefore, government should address the root causes of insecurity in the northern Nigeria including overhauling the security architecture system among other policies geared towards eliminating structural imbalance in the region.
Artificial intelligence and arms control in modern warfare
(Cogent Social Sciences (Taylor & Francis), 2024-09) Osimen Goddy U.; Newo Oluwamurewa; Fulani Oluwakemi Morola
This work assesses the impact of artificial intelligence (AI) on modern warfare. AI has led to a new arms race, which has impacted military dynamics among the superpowers in the 21st century. The study aims to evaluate the propagation of AI-powered weapons from the vantage point of ethics, international humanitarian law, and arms control. Secondary data is engaged for this study, and the exploratory and descriptive research design is adopted alongside a thematic analysis for data synthesis. The theories of technological determinism and consequentialism are adopted to observe the effects of technological advancement on weaponry alongside the ethical consequences of these weapons to safeguard human rights in combat scenarios. The study discovered that AI has led to a new arms race among the superpowers, and there is a need to advocate for arms control measures to promote international peace and security. The intersection between AI and arms proliferation, as well as how it has affected peace and security dynamics, was also detailed. The work concludes by reasserting the need for substantive international humanitarian laws and arms control efforts for lethal and autonomous weapons.
Artificial Intelligence, Fintech, and Financial Inclusion in African Digital Space
(FinTech and Financial Inclusion, 2025) Daudu Basil Osayin; Osimen Goddy U.; Abubakar Abdulrasheed Toyin
The importance of the economy of a nation cannot be over-emphasized, as its technological progress is largely dependent on economic stability. The adoption of 21st-century technology, especially in financial technology, has strengthened the economic sector consisting of artificial intelligence (AI) applications and innovations such as blockchain, virtual cards, mobile payments, smart contracts, and robotic processes. These AI innovations have reshaped commerce by greatly transforming financial transactions among businesses, consumers, and individuals. The African digital sphere is enriched with fintech-driven economic activities enabling financial inclusion, making products and services available and affordable to everyone. Notwithstanding, the presence of cybercriminal activities has become a serious threat to the growth of fintech and financial inclusion across Africa. With a qualitative approach, this chapter examines the extent of economic progress in the adoption of fintech and financial inclusion in Africa and their impact on the continent alongside pragmatic means of mitigating cyber threats. This chapter, therefore, positions AI as a facilitator and problem-solving tool in advancing fintech and financial inclusion within the African digital sphere.
Artisanal petroleum refining and health security in Rivers State, Nigeria
(Heritage and Sustainable Development Vol. 6, No. 2, 2024-10) Oladoyin Anthony Mayowa; Pokubo Ibiso Esther; Osimen Goddy U.
This study investigated the ramifications of artisanal petroleum refining on public health security within the locales of Degema, Ogu-bolo, and Opobo local government areas. Its primary objective was to investigate the relationship between artisanal petroleum refining and health security in Rivers State. A cross-sectional survey research design was employed. Both primary and secondary data were used in the analysis of data. Primary data were sourced through a structured questionnaire. Secondary data were also drawn from scholarly literature sources, including internet materials and national publications. From the estimated population of 686,900, the sample size was determined using the sample size formula for proportion estimation which resulted in 384 respondents. Additionally, a total of 9 healthcare professionals within the study area were interviewed. A total of 295 respondents was covered for analysis, based on the response rate of the usable questionnaire received. A total of 202 (68.4%) respondents affirmed that they experience health challenges as a result of exposure to residues from illegal petroleum refining in the study areas. The data obtained were subjected to Pearson correlation and one-way analysis of variance using SPSS software to test the correlation. The test of correlation on the relationship between illegal petroleum refining (-.439) and health security (1) in Rivers State, indicated a moderate negative correlation, which is significant at 0.01 level (2-tailed). In order words, there is an inverse relationship between health security and illegal petroleum refining; which means that health security decreases as illegal petroleum refining increases. The incidence of illegal petroleum refining undoubtedly presents considerable hazards to public health security. This challenge can be mitigated by the assimilation of the knowledge and expertise of the illegal refiners into a comprehensive technology that the country can harness for starting up a national program of safe petroleum refining in Nigeria.
Assessing the effect of international migration on the livelihood of the Bini people of Edo State, Nigeria
(International Journal of Innovative Research and Scientific Studies, 8(1), 2025) Braimah Ehiagwina Sunday; Gberevbie Daniel E.; Chidozie Felix C.; Osimen Goddy U.
This study investigates the impact of international migration on the Bini people of Edo State, Nigeria who are renowned for their rich cultural heritage, arts and historical migration patterns. The primary objective is assessing how international migration affects their economic and social life. This study posits that migration is primarily motivated by the search for better employment opportunities with individuals making well-considered decisions to enhance their economic prospects using neoclassical theory. Furthermore, the new economic migration theory is applied to examine the broader impacts of migration on the Bini community’s lifestyle in Edo South. Data for this research were gathered through focused group interviews and structured questionnaires. A linear regression analysis was conducted to assess the role of remittances in the community’s economic dynamics. The analysis indicates that remittances are crucial in shaping the Bini people’s economic activities. It also suggests that these remittances should be strategically invested in business ventures to maximise the benefits. This study concludes that international migration plays a significant role in improving the livelihood of the Bini people enhancing their economic stability and growth. The findings highlight the need to channel remittances effectively into productive investments to benefit the community. The Bini people can better leverage the economic advantages provided by international migration leading to sustained community development and economic resilience by strategically investing in business ventures.
Between Security and Environmental Change: A Theoretical Exploration of the Linkage
(Migration Letters Volume: 20, No: S8, 2023) Osimen Goddy U.; Ayankoya Abimbola Rachel; Udoh Oluwakemi D.
Objective: The aim of this study is to reveal the symbiotic relationship between environmental change and the hazards it poses to people, nation-states, and society, and to put environmental security studies squarely on the minds of security scholars and practitioners everywhere. The study concluded that environmental security is not only a worthwhile area of study in and of itself but also has much to offer security studies in general. Method: The study adopted a theoretical exploration of the linkage between security and environmental change. Result: Environmental security studies research has an impact on the nature of threats, the status of security, the execution of security, and strategies for undoing crisis politics, in addition to the ethics of security and privatization. The risks that people face depend not just on the physical changes in their environment, but also on how dependent they are on it for survival and how well they can adapt to these changes. Conclusion: Therefore, societal factors of insecurity like conflict, corruption, trade dependence, and liberalization of the economy have an impact on how sensitive and adaptable people are to environmental changes.
Border Security Management and ECOWAS Protocol on Free Movement in West Africa
(Canadian Social Science Vol. 18, No. 1,, 2022) Agbebaku Philip E.; Osimen Goddy U.
Prior to the enactment of the ECOWAS Protocol on free movement, people move from one location to another, there was little or no regards for the artificial borders created by the colonial powers. The vision of the ECOWAS is to create a borderless region where the population will have access to the abundant resources and, able to exploit same through the creation of opportunities under a sustainable environment. Nevertheless, the unrestricted free movement of people in the sub-region resulted to situation of tension among citizens of the receiving country and migrants especially in places where migrants dominate trade and labour. The regimes that are rather weak can become destabilized under such tensions thereby resulting to free flow of criminalities. The challenges of the Protocol have not helped the security landscape of the sub-region even though ECOWAS prides itself as the first region in Africa with the free movement initiative, the Protocol is poorly implemented constituting more security concern than boosting regional trade and economic development. Despite these challenges and threats posed by border insecurity, there is a lack of a common approach in terms of policy formulation, especially from the direction of the government. Therefore, it is on this note the paper seeks to examine these overlapping issues and hold attempts to provide a possible solution in resolving them. Data were obtained using secondary sources and the data were analyzed qualitatively. The paper observed that the prospect of achieving effective border security was truncated due to unrestricted free movement of people and improper implementation of ECOWAS protocol in the sub-region. This uncontrolled and unmanaged border has resulted to infiltration of terrorists/insurgency, loss of government revenue, smuggling or trafficking of illegal goods among others. The paper further revealed that the issue of corruption, poor technological gadgets, and porous nature of the borders among others serve as strong challenge to effective border management in the region. Therefore called for a Paradigm Shift in achieving effective border management to include adequate provision of funds, use of modern technological gadgets, adequate training of security personnel, strengthening of Multinational Joint Task Force among others.
Climate change and migratory patterns of Fulani Herdsmen in Nigeria
(International Journal of Climate Change Strategies and Management, 2024-10) Udoh Oluwakemi D.; Aforijiku Oluwayemisi E.; Abasilim Ugochukwu D.; Osimen Goddy U.
Purpose – Climate change has emerged as a significant global challenge with far-reaching parallel implications, especially in regions where resource scarcity has led to various conflicts and displacement of people. This research aims to investigate the specific dynamics of Fulani Herdsmen’s migratory patterns as well as the socio-economic and security implications of such migration. Design/methodology/approach – This study relied on secondary data from published and unpublished sources. A qualitative research design was adopted and data was collected from scholarly works such as journals and reports published by various governmental organisations and NGOs. Findings – In Nigeria, the intersection of climate change and resource competition has notably affected the Fulani Herdsmen, a predominantly nomadic pastoralist group. The changing climate, marked by erratic rainfall, prolonged droughts and desertification, has disrupted traditional migration routes, compelling the Fulani Herdsmen who are constantly in search of grazing lands to migrate thereby, often leading to conflicts with sedentary populations. Originality/value – While previous studies have explored the relationship between climate change, resource scarcity and conflict, this research seeks to investigate the specific dynamics of Fulani Herdsmen’s migratory patterns and the socio-economic and security implications of such migration. Using the eco-violence theory of Homer-Dixon and the push-pull migration theory of Lee as the theoretical framework, this study analyses how climate change-induced migration has exacerbated tensions between herdsmen and host communities. The research emphasises the need for effective legal and policy frameworks to mitigate these conflicts, proposing sustainable strategies for promoting peaceful coexistence and resilience among affected populations.
Conflict and Security Challenges in the Semi-Arid Region of Sahel: Implications for Sahel Women’s Empowerment and Demographic Dividend (Swedd)
(Journal of Somali Studies : Research on Somalia and the Greater Horn of African CountriesVol. 11, No. 1, 2024-04) Chukwudi Ekene Celestina; Osimen Goddy U.; DELE-DADA MOYOSOLUWA PRISCILIA; Ahmed Titilade M. O.
The semi-arid region of the Sahel area, in West and Central Africa, has been dealing with a complicated web of insecurity and conflicts. The fragile security conditions in the Sahel region, which are marked by terrorism, armed conflicts, and instability, have harmed women's social, economic, and political empowerment. Many Sahelian women lack access to economic opportunities, healthcare, education, and decision-making processes, which worsens gender inequality and vulnerability. With an emphasis on the World Bank’s (WB) Sahel Women's Empowerment and Demographic Dividend (SWEDD) initiative, this article examines the significant effects of the ongoing violence and insecurity on women's empowerment and the achievements of the demographic dividend. A descriptive research design was adopted for this study. A qualitative approach to data collection was employed in this study. Content and descriptive analysis were used in the study. Feminist theory was used to unravel the underpinnings of this study. The research findings revealed, among others, that conflict has posed a great challenge for women in the Sahel region. Secondly, great efforts have been made through SWEDD to save the ugly situation amid challenges of displacement, economic hardship, hunger, and other situations alike. This study concludes that the situation of the women is unconnected with the Sahel environment, where there are rooted conflictual socio-political, and economic issues. It is therefore recommended, among others, that there be greater local and international intervention to support the women and secure their contributions towards the improved development of the region.
CONFLICT RESOLUTION THROUGH AFRICAN INDIGENOUS INSTITUTIONS: A STUDY OF THE ESANS IN EDO STATE, NIGERIA
(2021) Osimen Goddy U.; RUFUS AISEDION
African societies have unique ways of managing conflict before the advent of colonialism. The methods stressed the need of fostering a spirit of peace and mutual respect for both individuals and groups, in times of peace and in times of conflict. This was effectively ensured through the institutions of the council of elders and ageset organisations in Africa. However, various forms of conflict have become more pronounced in the post-colonial era in the past few years. These conflicts include gender-based violence, land related conflicts, family conflicts and value- based conflicts, among others. The study therefore analysed the prospect of indigenous methods of conflict resolution in dealing with the aforementioned glitches using the Esans as a case study. The paper adopts historical research design with the application of both primary and secondary data. The Primary data was obtained from archival sources and oral interviews from respondents. Secondary data was obtained from published textbooks, journal articles and internet. The study established that indigenous institutions were important to peace building and conflict resolution but were truncated by the coming of the colonial masters. It was therefore recommended that the government and other stakeholders should as a matter of necessity, place more emphasis on the use of indigenous institutions in conflict management and resolution in Africa. This will ensure and further promote peaceful co-existence which Africans are known for.
Cyberbullying and Social Media
(Combatting Cyberbullying in Digital Media with Artificial Intelligence, 2023) Daudu Basil Osayin; Osimen Goddy U.; Shuaibu Kennedy
Through the use of Internet, the world has become a global village, connecting diverse people, cultures, and countries together. Technology has made remarkable and transformative changes in human lives and societies, boosting the economies of nations. However, some people have taken advantage of this to perpetuate cybercrimes, and one of such cybercrimes is cyberbullying (online abuse), which manifests itself in various forms such as pranking, impersonation, hacking, fake news, among others. The negative impacts of cyberbullying on African digital space and Africa at large are disheartening, and the possibility of dealing with this monstrous online crime in Africa has not yielded much positive results due to insufficient technological infrastructures, personnel, and knowledge. Cyberbullies use social media to enhance their nefarious activities, reaching out to their gullible victims with ease. As such, our lead questions are as follows: How is cyberbullying perpetuated in African digital space? What impact does cyberbullying have on Afrocentric society? How best can cyberbullying be dealt with in African digital space? In this chapter, we critically examine cyberbullying and social media in light of African digital space, the communication means adopted by cyberbullies and their implications for African digital space and Africa at large. We, therefore, argue for artificial intelligence knowledge production and application as a potential solution to combating cyberbullying in African digital space
Democratising Continental Peacebuilding Architecture in Africa: Strategy for Attainment of Agenda 2063 of the African Union
(Journal of African Union Studies Vol. 13, No. 3, 2024-12-01) Osimen Goddy U.; Joseph Ruth Modupeoluwa; Omidiora Oluwasegun; Adi Isaac
Africa’s journey toward sustainable peace is hindered by centralised, top-down peacebuilding frameworks that often overlook local contexts and community needs. The main argument is that democratising peacebuilding within the African Union’s (AU) Agenda 2063 can lead to a more inclusive and effective approach, enhancing the long-term success of peace initiatives. Based on regime theory, which emphasises the need for cooperation and common norms, this study employs qualitative methods to examine both constraints and opportunities in AU policy papers, reports, and academic literature. Findings indicate that engaging local actors—such as community groups, women, and youth—promotes local ownership and durable peace. Recommendations highlight the need for increased local involvement and sustainable funding to advance Agenda 2063’s peace goals.
DOMESTICATING THE GLOBAL WAR ON TERRORISM IN WEST AFRICA: IMPLICATIONS FOR SUB-REGIONAL SECURITY
(Revista de Gestão Social e Ambiental, 2024) Chidozie Felix C.; Osimen Goddy U.; Newo Oluwamurewa A.; Bhadmus Joy
Objective: The objective of this study is to the recent incidences of terror attacks in the West African sub-region that have only overwhelmed national governments concerned. Using the case studies of Burkina Faso, Mali, Nigeria, and Niger, the paper interrogates the recent scourge of terrorism in these countries within the context of sub-regional security. Theoretical Framework: The structural conflict theory, which argues that conflict is built into the systems and structures of society, is employed in the work. This is based on the radical transformative agenda promoted by globalization and accentuated by the violent intra-state conflicts in Africa, especially following the restructuring of the international security architecture after the end of the Cold War in 1989. Method: The methodology adopted for this research utilizes the qualitative research design using the case study approach. Secondary data is engaged for this study, alongside thematic analysis for the harmonization of data. Results and Discussion: The study discovered that the activities of domestic terror groups is hinged on the unresolved rhetoric of globalization. The study concludes that until there are institutional measures to strengthen the fragile politico-economic structures hurriedly erected after prolonged dictatorships in the countries concerned, the solution to the threat of terrorism will remain a tantalizing mirage. It canvasses for the creation of a civil-military alliance in the war on terror, and the strengthening of democratic institutions to bring about good governance which will make states better equipped to curb terrorism. Research Implications: The practical and theoretical implications of this research are discussed, providing insights into how the results can be applied or influence practices in the fields of national security, strategic studies and even institutional democracy. These implications could encompass the protection of lives and property within the state, protection of the state’s territorial integrity and the consolidation of democracy by state governments. Originality/Value: This study contributes to the literature by highlighting the fragilitiy of democracy in West African states as a consequence of prolonged terrorist attacks that are yet to be adequately catered to by civilian governments. The relevance and value of this research are evidenced by it practical applicability across the fields of policy and strategic studies, and political science.
Employee Welfare and Organisational Performance: A Study of Maternity leave Policy in Covenant University, Nigeria
(Migration Letters Volume: 20, No: S9, 2023) Ayankoya Abimbola Rachel; Osimen Goddy U.
Feminist Media Activism and Women's Ordeal in Africa
(Migration Letters Volume: 21, No: 2, 2024-01) Osimen Goddy U.; Daudu Basil Osayin; Oladoyin Anthony Mayowa; Ahmed Titilade M. O.
Fostering National Development in Nigeria: The Interplay Between Education and Social Orientation
(Journal of Educational and Social Research Vol 15 No 2, 2025-03) Udom Adaeze Charlyn; Gberevbie Daniel E.; Osimen Goddy U.
This paper examines the pressing challenges of widespread ignorance in terms of socio-political and economically related issues in Nigeria. Despite its rich natural and human resources, Nigeria still grapples with significant socio-political and economic challenges stemming from inadequate social orientation and functional result-oriented education. The paper contends that redefining educational goals, enhancing teacher training, and integrating civic and media literacy into the curriculum are essential for cultivating a well-informed and engaged citizenry. It explores the roles of government initiatives, community involvement, technology, and strategic partnerships in implementing these Programmes. By prioritizing result-oriented education, Nigeria could leverage its resources and human capital to drive sustainable development, reduce poverty, and foster national cohesion. The study underscores the necessity of collaborative efforts among government officials, the private sector, NGOs, and international donor organizations to present practical strategies for effective implementation of required public policies to achieve Nigeria’s quest for development.