Programme: BIochemistry

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Here you will find works strictly related to Biochemistry

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Assessment of Extract from Glucose Oxidase-Cellulase Treated Jute Sticks and Green Amaranth Sticks for the Production of Lignocellulose-Based Bioethanol.
(Tropical Journal of Natural Product Research, 2025, Vol 9, 2025) Fashola, Folake A.; Ibidapo, Olubunmi I; Adaran, Adekunle S; Adebayo, Abiodun H.; Chinedu, Shalom N.
The possibility that some carbohydrate oxidases are capable of catalytically cleaving glycosidic bonds offers the opportunity for glucose oxidase to achieve the depolymerization of agro wastes required in the production of second-generation bioethanol. The present study aimed to ascertain the effect of glucose oxidase and cellulase isolated from Aspergillus sp. on locally sourced jute sticks and green amaranth sticks for the production of bioethanol. The Box Behnken design was employed to assess the effect of the different concentrations of sucrose, waste extracts and pH on fermentation efficiency, ethanol percent yield, and reducing sugar yield. The selected agro wastes were subjected to fiber detergent analysis, ATR-FTIR, XRD, and SEM. The fermentation broth was subjected to ATR-FTIR analysis. Compared to oven-dried jute extract, the maximum ethanol yield was achieved at 72 hours for 50% broth containing oven-dried green amaranth extract by a difference of 65.6%. Optimization using the Box Behnken design resulted in an increased yield of ethanol (198%), fermentation efficiency (3.86%) and reducing sugar yield (27.97%) at the combination of factor levels of 5% (sucrose concentration), 2.5% (oven-dried green amaranth extract concentration) and pH 4.5. The cleaving of glycosidic bonds in the waste samples was revealed by ATR-FTIR and further confirmed by SEM. With the evidence of the characteristic bands associated with the presence of ethanol in the fermentation broth, it was concluded that the inclusion of glucose oxidase at low concentrations in the presence of cellulase supported the release of reducing sugars required for the production of lignocellulose - based bioethanol.
Assessment of physicochemical and antibacterial properties of structured water samples from Ota, Ogun State, Nigeria
(Scientific African, 2025) Adebayo, Abiodun H.; Obode, Okukwe C.; Adekeye, Bosede T.; Durodola, Bamidele
We investigated the effect of structuring potable water with QNET Amezcua Bio Disc 3 (BD3). Seven water samples, including public tap, borehole, rain, bottled (2 brands), distilled, and sachet water, obtained from Ota, Nigeria, were analyzed for their physicochemical and antibacterial properties. The water samples were placed on the BD3 for 15 and 30 minutes, 1, 6, 12, 24, and 48 hours respectively, with the unstructured water serving as the control. Physicochemical proper ties were evaluated using standard methods described by the Association of Official Analytical Chemists (AOAC), elemental analysis was executed using the inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES), while microbial analysis was done using the most probable number method. Results showed that the samples’ appearance, color, taste, and odor were clear, colorless, and unobjectionable. The alkalinity of the sachet (160 ± 2.01mg/l) and bottled (240 ± 1.12mg/l) water samples after treatment with BD3 was enhanced compared to the control sample (124 ± 1.00mg/l). F u r t h e r m o r e, supercharging with BD3 significantly (p<0.05) increased the pH and alkalinity of the water. There was a significant (p<0.05) increase in electrical conductance of all structured water samples when compared with the control groups except in sachet and borehole water samples. No significant (p>0.05) effect was observed for total dis solved solids when comparing the structured samples with the control. Most parameters assayed for were within the allowable limits. No heavy metals were detected. Supercharging up to 5 times enhanced the concentrations of calcium, potassium, iron, and magnesium ions significantly (p<0.05) across the groups compared to the control samples, while the sodium ion was signifi cantly (p<0.05) reduced as the water samples were serially charged with the BD3. Supercharging of the infected autoclaved distilled water samples significantly (p<0.05) reduced the total viable count at low concentrations of E. coli. In conclusion, BD3 impacts high electrical conductivity on the structured water samples with increased efficacy of solved minerals and a potential anti bacterial effect.
Estimation of Reducing Sugars Released from Solvent-Treated Green Amaranth and Jute Sticks.
(Tropical Journal of Natural Product Research, 2025, Vol 9, 2025) Fashola, Folake A.; Magaji, Bello M; Adebayo, Abiodun H.; Chinedu, Shalom N.
The sticks generated from the highly consumed green amaranth and jute plants in South West Nigeria contain trapped polysaccharide resources that can serve as a source of reducing sugars required in the production of enzymes or biofuel. These waste resources can be harnessed as resources with no food value. To estimate the reducing sugars released from the green amaranth and jute sticks, this study employed four solvents (sodium hydroxide, ethanol, hydrogen peroxide and citrate-phosphate buffer) to harness the trapped sugar resources. The sticks were collected and processed. The components of the processed green amaranth and jute sticks were ascertained by proximate analysis. Interaction effects of solvents, time and temperature on the release of reducing sugars from the processed samples were estimated using the Box-Behnken design and the two-level factorial design. Despite the low protein, fat and moisture content, oven-dried samples showed a higher carbohydrate content. The Box-Behnken design revealed the released reducing sugars using 1.25N sodium hydroxide (2.393 mg/ml ± 0.494), 1.25N hydrogen peroxide (1.240 mg/ml ± 0.093) at 50 °C and 2N ethanol (1.780 mg/ml ± 0.008) at 28 °C for 60 minutes favour oven-dried green stick wastes (OGSW) over oven-dried jute stick wastes (OJSW) by a difference of 61.92%, 73.28% and 31.92%. The ability of citrate-phosphate buffer to release reducing sugars favours OGSW over OJSW with a difference of 37.3% at the factor level of pH 6, 50 °C, and 60 minutes. With the significant interaction effect of variables, the citrate-phosphate buffer was considered a greener and more suitable option.
Evaluation of Analgesic Property of Silver Nanoparticles Synthesized Using Mitracarpus scaber Aqueous Extract
(Materials Science Forum (Volume 1148), 2025-05) Adesipe, Temitayo; Iweala, Emeka E.J.; Adebayo, Abiodun H.
Pain is one of the main causes for which people seek medical attention. Strong, long-lasting, safe analgesics are therefore still needed in the medical industry to treat a wide range of painful disorders, despite recent advancements in pain treatment. The current work is intended to assess the analgesic properties of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) synthesized using Mitracarpus scaber aqueous extract. Aqueous extraction of Mitracarpus scaber whole plant was done and employed to make and cap AgNPs using 0.1M AgNO3 solution. The produced AgNPs were examined using a variety of methods, such as Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), UV VIS, and Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM). Acetic acid writhing and hot plate tests were then used to investigate the analgesic activity of various doses of the biosynthesized AgNPs. AgNPs production was detected by UV-vis spectroscopy at λ max = 425 nm. The biosynthesized AgNPs had a size range of 4-5 nm, were crystalline and spherical in shape, according to TEM investigations. FTIR analysis on the other hand revealed the involvement of phenyl, hydroxyl, carbonyl, and aliphatic carbon-hydrogen bonds in the AgNPs' production. The biogenic silver nanoparticles showed the highest reduction of writhes and pain at the doses of 100 and 50 mg/kg b.w. respectively, which were significantly higher than the analgesic activity elicited by Diclofenac (50 mg/kg b.w.) for both assays. The present work therefore concludes that biogenic silver