Programme: International Relations

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    From ‘citizen diplomacy’ to ‘harsh border diplomacy’: Debating the relevance of Afrocentrism in Nigeria’s contemporary Foreign policy
    (Ikenga International Journal of Institute of african studies Vol. 25, No. 3, 2024) Omotuyi Sunday; Apeloko O. D.; Bello Moruf A.; Chukwudi Ekene Celestina
    Nigerian political leadership at independence crafted an African-centred foreign policy as an aspiring regional hegemon. It relentlessly pursued this ‘Manifest Destiny’ by mobilizing its human, and material resources to several African states in a bid to carve a putative regional influence in the continent. Though successive governments have internalized this unique foreign policy thrust over the years, the return to democratic governance in late 1999 has, however, seen a decline in Nigeria's commitment to the ideals of Afrocentrism. While Yar’Adua’s ‘Citizenship Diplomacy’ and Buhari’s ‘Border closure’ are a response to the plethora of domestic challenges, they nonetheless present a challenge to Nigeria’s traditional African diplomacy. This study, which relies on secondary data, contends that Nigeria’s contemporary foreign policy thrusts represent the irrelevance of Afrocentrism. It also argues that the relegation of the Africafocused external relations would have implications for Nigeria’s continental leadership aspiration, and peace in West Africa specifically. Therefore, the findings of the study revealed that the erosion of the Nigerian hegemonic leadership in the ECOWAS region will encourage interventions of extra-African actors in the African crises.
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    The Judgment of Climate Change on Food Availability in Nigeria
    (the rest: journal of politics and development vol 14(1), 2024) Apeloko O. D.; Chukwudi Ekene Celestina; Olu-Owolabi Fadeke Esther; Ezennia Samuel
    Climate change is a global phenomenon that has significant implications for food security, particularly in developing countries like Nigeria. This study is set to explore the nature of the relationship between climate change and food security and the various ways to address the impact of climate change on food availability in Ogun State, Nigeria. Relying on the green theory, this study investigated climate change's impact on the agricultural sector, compromising food security in Ogun State, Nigeria. This study's qualitative data collection methods include primary and secondary data sources. This study adopted the exploratory research design. Interviews were used to gather primary data, and existing literature was used to collate secondary data. This work covered the staff of the Ministry of Agriculture in the selected state, lecturers in the Department of Economics, Covenant University, and the faculty of agriculture at Obafemi Awolowo University. The thematic content analysis was adopted in analyzing the data in this study. The findings from the data revealed that there is a clear relationship between climate change and food security. It also revealed that climate change has a negative impact on food availability in Ogun State, Nigeria. In addition, strategies and policies put in place to address the issues of climate change and food security were discussed. It was concluded that climate change has affected Ogun State's food security between 2019 and 2023.
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    The Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS) and the Resurgence of Military Coups in West Africa
    (Journal of African Union StudiesVol. 13, No. 2, 2024-08-01) Akinyemi Opeyemi; Apeloko O. D.; Osimen Goddy U.; Chukwudi Ekene Celestina
    The military is designed to protect the polity, but national occurrences have motivated the same to take over political power via a coup to change the government. This study is set to explore the causes of military incursions in West Africa. The study is also to unravel the challenges that the Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS) has faced in the wake of military incursion into politics. Hence, many international organisations and individuals have resolved that the military must accept the authority of civilian rule. In other words, they may be responsible for carrying out a policy decision they disagree with. The rightness or wrongness of a policy or decision can be ambiguous. Civilian decision-makers may be impervious to corrective information. In practice, the relationship between civilian authorities and military leaders must be worked out. The qualitative method of data collection was adopted for this study. Content analysis is adopted in the analysis of this work. The theory of civil-military relations is chosen for the underpinnings of this study. The findings revealed that different countries in ECOWAS states have experienced military incursions whose causes are multifaceted. The causes range from historical government handling of conflicts to acts of impunity, among others. This situation has strained the relationships between member states in their political and socioeconomic engagements. The study therefore concludes that military incursion in politics in West Africa have caused setbacks for ECOWAS in their bid to achieve democracy, integration, and socioeconomic and sustainable development. It is then recommended that democratic institutions should be strengthened, which will help to address the root causes of instability. The leaders of member states should also be held accountable for upholding democratic principles. This study will help policymakers in the West African region foster democratic principles.
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    Deradicalisation of Boko Haram Insurgents and Bandits: A Soft-power Approach in Sub-Saharan Africa
    (African Renaissance Vol. 2023, No. si1, 2023-10-01) Aluko Abayomi J.; Apeloko O. D.; Chukwudi Ekene Celestina; Paimo Oluwatunmise T.
    Insecurity has made the state government unproductive, aggressive, and unable to protect its citizens and territory. Insurgency activities like Boko Haram and banditry are common in the sub-Saharan region, particularly in Nigeria, Lake Chad, Cameroon, and the Niger Republic. The perpetrators of these numerous crises have notably targeted victims and state institutions in northern Nigeria. These incessant attacks have stimulated a deradicalization response; however, despite the deradicalization measures to end the Boko Haram insurgency and banditry, the attacks still continue unabated. It raises concerns about the effectiveness of the deradicalization strategy against insurgencies. This brings to the fore the importance of soft power deradicalization strategies such as pardoning, socio-economic empowerment, and re-integration of insurgents and bandits into society. Although the soft-power deradicalization initiative often draws attention and commendation, it also raises doubts about sustainability in sub-Saharan Africa. Drawing on the theory of deradicalization and the systematic qualitative method, this article examines a soft-power deradicalization strategy against Boko Haram and banditry insurgencies in sub-Saharan Africa. The findings expand discussion on the dimensions of deradicalization strategy and its potential in promoting positive outcomes against insurgency in sub-Saharan Africa. It suggests the deployment of soft power as a deradicalization strategy to locally tackle insurgency in Sub-Saharan Africa.
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    Unveiling INEC’S Testimonies: A Dive into Digital Technology Engagement and Voters Registration, 2015-2022
    (African RenaissanceVol. 21, No. 2 (Online), 2024-06-01) Apeloko O. D.; Gberevbie Daniel E.; Excellence-Oluye Uchekwube O.; Oluwatobi Durojaiye John
    Beyond the conventional approach to delivering public services, the adoption of digital mechanisms for delivering these services has been advocated. This is to improve how public services are delivered to the general public. INEC is not left out in the search for a better way to provide quality service through digital technology, and they have introduced new technologies over the years to carry out their activities. However, voter impersonation, duplicate registrations, and overcrowding at registration centres are among the problems that have plagued the election system. In light of this, it becomes imperative to identify the effects and challenges of the use of digital technology in INEC activities, specifically in the registration of voters and the distribution of voter’s cards. The scope of the study was Lagos state, specifically Alimosho Local Government. This study relied on the Technology Organisation Environment framework as the theoretical framework of analysis. This study used secondary and primary sources of data collection. The data were analysed thematically based on the research questions and the structured interview that guided the study. This study adopted a case-study research design. The population of the study was 25 staff of the Alimosho Local Government INEC office, and the sample size was 5 staff selected using the purposive sampling technique. The result showed that digital technology has a positive effect on the registration of voters and distribution of voters’ cards in Alimosho Local Government, but they still experience challenges like a shortage of digital devices and staff as well as delays in fixing and replacing damaged devices. The study concluded that despite digital technology having had a positive impact on the registration of voters and distribution of voters’ cards in Alimosho Local Government between 2015 and 2022, there are still some challenges that need to be tackled. The study recommends that INEC should provide more devices to the local government, and adequate staffing and training should be prioritised to ensure the smooth operation and management of digital systems.