Programme: International Relations
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Item Causes and Implications of Religious Conflicts in Nigeria’s Political System(International Journal of Finance and Management in Practice, Vol. 5, No. 1, 2017-06) Uwadi, M. E.; Ezebuilo Paul Chibuike; Nwaonu, K. CThe aim of this work is to identify the causes and implications of religious conflicts in Nigeria’s political system as well as proffer strategies to avoid future occurrence. This study adopts the survey research design. The population of the study comprises all Christians and Moslems living in Zaria, Kaduna State in Nigeria. Personal observations and questionnaire were the major means of data collection. Out of the 65 copies of questionnaire engaged in the study, only 56 copies were retrieved and used for the analysis. To achieve the aim of the study, two research hypotheses were formulated. While data collected for the study were presented on tables and responses taking the form of a five point likert scale, the hypotheses were tested using one way analysis of variance. Major findings of the study reveal that the causes of religious conflicts in Nigeria include failure to move with change, conflicting doctrines, methods of conversion, utterances of religious leaders, and clothing of political objectives with religion, among others. The implications of religious conflict as reveal by the study include creation of mistrust among federating units, low productivity, job insecurity, migration, over population. Based on the foregoing, it is proposed that the issue of religious conflicting doctrines should be addressed by religious bodies who should meet on regular bases. Also, government should respond quickly to curtail conflicts and should not ignore any act that might cause conflictItem Herdsmen and Farmers Conflict in Nigeria: A Threat to Peace-building and National Security in West Africa(Journal of Social Science and Humanit ies Research, 2019) Osimen Goddy U.; Edokpa Fadal Mary; Oluwatobi Daramola I.One of the recurrent security challenges that confront many states in the country is the scourge of Fulani herdsmen. The attacks by the herdsmen on the sedentary communities have being increasing with each passing day. Much has been written on farmers and Fulani herdsmen conflict in Nigeria. The menace posed in the different communities they migrate to for purposes of grazing their cattle is becoming very alarming. They are more and more constituting major security challenges to their host communities. The propensity towards engaging the land and farm owners of the sites they graze their cattle is increasing by the day as they update their arsenal with highly sophisticated weapons. This is the prevalent security challenge in some communities and states in Nigeria. There have been escalations of reported attacks by Fulani herdsmen who brutally kill natives of the invaded farming communities including women and children in various states across the country. Worst affected states include Benue, Nassarawa, Plateau, Taraba, Kaduna, Adamawa, Zamfara, Oyo, Imo, Cross-River and Enugu. There are recurrent clashes of interests between the host farming communities and the nomadic cattle herders. The major causes by our findings revealed that; Destruction of crops by the cattle, Contamination of stream by cattle, disregard for traditional authority, Over-grazing of fallow land, sexual harassment of women by nomads, Harassment of nomads by host youths, Indiscriminate defecation on roads, theft of cattle , stray cattle, and indiscriminate bush burning. The study also observed that there is no resource sustainability in Nigeria hence; it is difficult for the majority of its citizens who require land for farming and grazing to have access to land. And this is one of the major causes of conflict between the parties. The paper therefore, recommended that the problem can be minimized through extension agency intervention to identify stakeholders and development trust between the disputants using the mechanism tagged ―local development plans (LDP) which is community initiated process to reduce tension over access and the use of land and effective participation in decision-making and economic activities in the communities and among others.Item The Socio-Economic Effects of Human Trafficking in Nigeria(Journal of Social Science and Humanities Research Volume-3 | Issue-8 2018, 2018) Osimen Goddy U.; Okor Pedro; Daudu Basil Osayin; Adeniran Tolulope AbayomiHuman trafficking is globally recognised as modern day slavery with multifarious negative socioeconomic, legal and health implications. Besides drug trafficking and gun running, human trafficking has become a lucrative business globally and yields an estimate of US $32 million annually. Traffickers trade on human lives; subject them to gory and traumatic experiences in order to make profits. Human trafficking is therefore the worst form of human right violations and gender based violence against female who constitute majority of the victims in the country. Regrettably, Nigeria occupies the ignoble position of a source, transit and destination country for trafficking in the recent times, the scourge has assumed complex dimensions, become more elusive, shrouded in secrecy and with the attendant consequences and implication on the lives in the country. Data from the National Agency for the Prohibition of Traffic in Persons (NAPTIP) shows that seventy eight percent of victims of human trafficking in Nigeria fall within the age range of 8 – 27 years, children within this age bracket are naturally of school going age. Victims of trafficking miss educational opportunities needed for today’s globalised world. This paper was based on the dynamics of human trafficking in Nigeria, some emerging trends in trafficking, the socio-economic implications, government’s strategies in curbing the menace and possible adoption as good practice.Item Youth Unemployment and Insecurity: Impediment of Nation- Building in Nigeria(Research on Humanities and Social Sciences Vol.6, No.12, 2016, 2016) Osimen Goddy U.; Chuke Patrick I.; Micah Ezekiel EltonNigeria’s population is estimated to be about two hundred million, out of which the youth population, (15 -35 years of age) is said to be 75%.. According to a recent World Bank statistics, youth unemployment rate is 38 per cent, but even this figure is considered conservative. It is estimated that about 60% of Nigeria’s youth population is either unemployed or underemployed, a situation that poses great danger to the Nigeria Society in terms of crimes and assorted social vices. This generation of young people faces the dual crisis of unemployment and insecurity. Such a large population of unemployed, unengaged, angry, sullen, unproductive youths in any society will constitute a menace and security risk because their lives appear hopeless and yet they are full of youthful energy. Recent studies suggest that unemployment rate in Nigeria has taken a shocking increase from 14 per cent in 2012 to 38 per cent in 2015. It also revealed that unemployment rate is undoubtedly contributed to the high wave of insecurity in the country. As a matter of fact, Nigeria has never had it so bad, for over five years now, in terms of insecurity and criminality. More worrisome is the fact that criminality and terrorism, which have further crippled the economic development of the country, are perpetrated by young people. Hence, this paper examines this phenomenon and calls for a comprehensive multi-dimensional plan of action to combat youth employment before its associated consequences become unmanageable and consume the Nigerian Society. It examines the issue of unemployment and juxtaposes this along side the broader issue of national security. It examines present problems of youth unemployment and insecurity in Nigeria, its causes, social and economic implications, and possible solutions. The paper asserts that youths should be properly trained to possess skills which are congruent with real labour market demands, which will invariably, create employment opportunities, that would make the youth become productive assets and take their place in mainstream societal development the society offer the best of their skills and talents rather than getting themselves involved in criminality.Item Small Arms and Light Weapons (SALW) Proliferation and Problem of National Security in Nigeria(International Affairs and Global Strategy Vol.29, 2015, 2015) Osimen Goddy U.; Akintunde Bamidele AnthonyThe proliferation of small arms and light weapons is one of the major security challenges currently facing Nigeria, Africa and indeed the world in general. The trafficking and wide availability of these weapons fuel communal conflict, political instability and pose a threat, not only to national security, but also to sustainable development. The widespread proliferation of small arms is contributing to alarming levels of armed crime, and militancy. Therefore, the trust of this paper dwell on scanning the role of government and policy makers, in checking SALW in Nigeria and to ascertain the level of insecurity this menace had incurred in the Nigerian state. It was revealed that inability of the Nigeria government and the law enforcement agencies to check the supply and the demand factors of the proliferation of SALW in Nigeria has heightened and worsened the security situations in the country. The paper further asserts that availability of small arms have direct influence on the escalation and sustenance of insecurity and therefore, drew a conclusion on the basis of which the recommendations were made.Item Human Trafficking and Interface of Slavery In The 21st Century in Nigeria(Research on Humanities and Social Sciences Vol.4, No.21 2014, 2014) Osimen Goddy U.; Okor Pedro; Ahmed Titilade M.Trafficking in human beings is modern-day slavery and has become a widespread phenomenon mostly in Africa. Two hundred years after the abolition of the trans-Atlantic slave trade, the trafficking of African children continues unabated. Human trafficking has become a heinous transnational crime undertaken by highly organized syndicates. The syndicates employ deceit, coercion and prey on vulnerable girls whom they traffic overseas for domestic servitude and sexual exploitation. Human trafficking is inherently demeaning, harmful and violates fundamental human rights to life, liberty, dignity and freedom from discrimination. This work therefore, examines all forms of human trafficking in Nigeria, revealing the operations of the trafficking business and the nature of the traffickers themselves. Using a historical and comparative perspective between human trafficking and slavery, it then demonstrates that there is great correspondence that exists between the two phenomenons. Necessary recommendations were also given to eradicate human trafficking and other related transnational crimes in Nigeria.Item Ethnicity and Identity Crisis: Challenge to National Integration in Nigerian(Journal Of Humanities And Social Science Volume 16, Issue 4, 2013-10) Osimen Goddy U.; Balogun Akinyemi; Adenegan Taiwo SamuelNigeria’s large number of ethnic groups, inequalities among them in size, resource endowment, education and access to state power and resources, her highly developed and factionalized indigenous bourgeoisie, makes her ethnic situation perhaps the most complicated in Africa. The experience has been equally bad and sad, spanning a bloody civil war (1967-1970) and perennial threats to the survival of the country, and one of the 1990 abortive coup d’ etat, whose organizers planned to dismember the country. Today in Nigeria, there is serious rivalry among the ethnic groups over issues such as power and resource sharing formula; the status quo is being resisted by the minor ethnic groups especially in the Niger-delta region that produces the bulk of crude oil in the country which Nigeria depends today for most of its foreign exchange. The objective of this paper therefore, to examine and provide answers to the following questions: what is ethnicity? To what extent has ethnic identity affected national integration in Nigeria? What steps has been taken to address the fall out of the various ethnic identity motivated crisis in Nigeria? As a guide to answering the overarching research questions, historical overview of ethnic nationalism in Nigeria and its challenges of national integration were documented and some proactive measures were discussed.Item IMPACT OF CORRUPTION ON GOOD GOVERNANCE IN NIGERIA (2011-2017)(Online Journal of Arts, Management and Social Sciences Online Journal of Arts, Management and Social Sciences (OJAMSS); Vol.3 No.1,, 2018-04) Atobatele Abolaji; OKEWALE RAHEEM AKANNICorruption in Nigeria is not only institutionalized but endemic, though every successful government since the inception of democracy in 1999 has made herculean effort by instituting different form of measures to fight corruption such as establishment of Economic Financial Crimes Commission (EFCC), Independent Corrupt Practice Commission to mention but a few, despite this only little achievements have been recorded so far so good. Hence corruption has impacted on Nigerian economy negatively such that there is increase in the incidence of poverty, unemployment, inadequate infrastructure etc. which has rendered able bodied men to perpetuate dastardly act such as robbery, premediated killing, prostitution, election thurgery to mention but a few. Sequel to this problem that this study seeks to examine the impact of corruption on good governance. Data was garnered from both primary and secondary sources such as questionnaire, interview, internet, journal, publication, government gazette etc. The result was analyzed using SPSS. The study found out that huge resources were committed to fighting the scourge called corruption but little achievements have been recorded, the spate of corruption has affected the growth of the economy which has led to structural imbalances such as deficit infrastructural facilities and social vices amongst the unemployed youthsItem Impact of Public Private Partnership on Infrastructure Development of Nigeria(Unilag Journal of Humanity Vol. 8 No. 2,, 2019) Faruk Abubakar; Atobatele AbolajiPublic Private Partnership began to draw attention in Nigeria when it became evident that the role of the state alone in the provision of infrastructure was no longer sustainable. A number of initiatives have been taken to address the dearth of infrastructure and forestall decay of existing infrastructure but the result is below desirable. It was on this basis that this study set out to assess the impact of public private partnership on infrastructural development in Nigeria. Data was garnered from secondary materials such as World Bank documents and Government Gazettes. Data was analyzed qualitatively and it was revealed that inadequate concession plans coupled with sentiments have rendered PPP inefficient in Nigeria. Some of the state governments gave concession to their cronies and political associates and this crippled the aim of the PPP as they became financially incapacitated to continue funding the projects. The study recommended that placing emphasis on merit rather than political patronage is a sure way of making the PPP more effective.Item 2011 POST-ELECTORAL VIOLENCE IN NIGERIA: LESSON FOR 2015 GENERAL ELECTION(American International Journal of Research in Humanities, Arts and Social Sciences, 2013) Osimen Goddy U.; OLOGUNOWA CHRISTOPHER SUNDAYNigeria is a heterogeneous country with diverse and overlapping religious and ethnic divisions. Nigerian culture is as diverse as its population, which is estimated to be around 150 million. With the regaining of political process in 1999 after over thirty (30) years of military rule, Nigeria looked set for a return to stability and the regaining of its position in the commity of nations particularly in Africa. Wrongly so, this was not to be. Since the 1999 to the 2011 General elections, the Nigeria electoral and political landscape has fallen from par to below par and has moved from violence to greater violence. The level and magnitude of electoral and political violence has risen and the political elites have often converted poverty ridden unemployed Nigerian youths into readymade machinery for the perpetration of electoral violence. This is linked to the political system and institution that in theory has failed to political participation and in practice has seen the political elites forming bulk of the sponsors and perpetrators of electoral violence. This paper therefore, painstakingly analyzed the electoral malpractices and fraud that have characterized elections in Nigeria since 1960 till 2011 general elections in chronological order. In the final analysis, it was discovered that virtually all the electoral malpractices and fraud associated with elections including violence and crises are carried out by youths, who are paid and hired by politicians as party thugs to threatened the electorate and thereby disrupts the smooth democratic process. Necessary recommendations were given to promote and sustain credible, free and fair elections in Nigeria.