College of Leadership and Development Studies
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Item Political Leadership and Humanitarian Crisis: The Aftermath of Rwanda Conflict and the Challenges of Democratic Sustainability in Africa(Journal of Somali Studies : Research on Somalia and the Greater Horn of African CountriesVol. 12, No. 1, 2025) Osimen Goddy U.; Udoh Oluwakemi D.; Daudu Basil Osayin; Odukoya Jonathan Adedayo; Chidozie Felix C.Political leadership and humanitarian crises have had a huge impact on the democratic sustainability of many African states since gaining independence from their colonial masters in the 1960s. Political leadership, humanitarian crises, and democratic sustainability are strongly interconnected as the quality of leadership during a crisis can either strengthen or weaken democratic systems. Good leadership prevents crisis, while bad leadership leads to anarchy, thereby endangering democratic principles and processes. The ideas of political leadership, humanitarian crises, and democratic sustainability unfold in the case of the Rwandan conflict and its aftermath, thereby making the country a case study for the rest of the world. This is well described using the Political Leadership theory in this study. The objectives of the study are to: (i) examine the Rwandan conflict/genocide and Rwanda’s political sphere between 1998 and 2022; (ii) interrogate the role of leadership in the recovery of Rwandans from the humanitarian crisis they faced; (iii) highlight the policies and structural changes made by the government of Rwanda, particularly the reconciliatory and peacebuilding mechanisms initiated in the aftermath of the Conflict; and (iv) examine how political leadership, humanitarian crises, and democratic sustainability have contributed to the current state of affairs in the continent of Africa. Thus, the study adopted a qualitative case study design to evaluate political leadership, humanitarian crises, and the challenges of democratic sustainability in the context of post-genocide Rwanda. The study revealed, among others, that Rwanda’s leadership overcame the humanitarian crisis via leadership quality, indicating that strong institutions, effective leadership, and the rule of law are key to sustaining democracy in African states.Item Political Exclusion and the Quest for Self-Determination in Southeastern Nigeria(African RenaissanceVol. 22, No. 1, 2025) Osimen Goddy U.; Daudu Basil Osayin; Chidozie Felix C.The Igbo, one of Nigeria’s major ethnic groups have long experienced marginalisation and perceived exclusion from national political leadership. The research adopted the phenomenological research design with data collected from secondary sources via a systematic literature review. The data gathered were analysed, utilizing thematic analysis. Using the relative deprivation theory, this study explores the historical backdrop, socio-political dynamics, and key factors underlying the Igbo people’s perceived political exclusion. The study investigates the motivating factors driving the Igbo people’s quest for self-determination and digs into the techniques used by Igbo socio-political parties such as MASSOB (Movement for the Actualisation of the Sovereign State of Biafra) and IPOB (Indigenous People of Biafra) to achieve self-determination ranging from peaceful rallies to separatist movements. The study also looks at how the Nigerian government and other stakeholders responded to these demands. Among other things, the study revealed that ethnic sentiment is a problem in Nigeria, and adding to the growing literature on political exclusion and self-determination, the study provides a deeper knowledge of challenges faced by the Igbo and potential paths (nonviolence, dialogue and inclusivity) for addressing their concerns within the Nigerian political structure.Item Human Trafficking and Personhood: Implications for Africans(Combating Human Trafficking, 2025) Osimen Goddy U.; Daudu Basil OsayinThere are many activities people engage in as a means of livelihood, and one such activity is human trafficking, which has become a global concern to humanity as it manifests itself in varied forms such as forced labor, child trafficking, baby factories, prostitution, organ harvesting, and debt bondage, among others. Human traffickers take undue advantage of Africans due to the poor and pathetic state of most African nations. Human traffickers could be Africans or not, colluding with foreign individuals or organizations. Human trafficking, for pro-human traffickers, is a transnational lucrative business, while for anti-human traffickers, it is illegal. As such, our lead questions are: How justifiable are the conflicting viewpoints of pro-human and anti-human traffickers? How justifiable are the actions of human traffickers benefitting at the expense of human value (trafficked victim)? How best can the African government combat this age-long problem of human trafficking? Thus, adopting the analytic method, we argue for the dignity of the African person (Africanness) and endorse “contentment” and “alternative choice” as underlying principles for combating trafficking in human beingsItem Artificial Intelligence, Fintech, and Financial Inclusion in African Digital Space(FinTech and Financial Inclusion, 2025) Daudu Basil Osayin; Osimen Goddy U.; Abubakar Abdulrasheed ToyinThe importance of the economy of a nation cannot be over-emphasized, as its technological progress is largely dependent on economic stability. The adoption of 21st-century technology, especially in financial technology, has strengthened the economic sector consisting of artificial intelligence (AI) applications and innovations such as blockchain, virtual cards, mobile payments, smart contracts, and robotic processes. These AI innovations have reshaped commerce by greatly transforming financial transactions among businesses, consumers, and individuals. The African digital sphere is enriched with fintech-driven economic activities enabling financial inclusion, making products and services available and affordable to everyone. Notwithstanding, the presence of cybercriminal activities has become a serious threat to the growth of fintech and financial inclusion across Africa. With a qualitative approach, this chapter examines the extent of economic progress in the adoption of fintech and financial inclusion in Africa and their impact on the continent alongside pragmatic means of mitigating cyber threats. This chapter, therefore, positions AI as a facilitator and problem-solving tool in advancing fintech and financial inclusion within the African digital sphere.Item Reconstructing culture and building societal values in the global era: The imperative of mother-tongue in elementary schools curriculum in Africa(Research Journal in Advanced Humanities Volume 6, Issue 1, 2025) Osimen Goddy U.; Ehibor Oremire Judith; Daudu Basil Osayin; Alofun Grace OlufolakeEvery tribe has a unique culture of which language is a distinctive feature. The relationship between language and culture is fundamental, as a native language provides access to understanding a community’s way of life. Language is a key connector for people, regardless of status or background, and an essential part of cultural identity. In Africa, indigenous languages, or mother tongues, play a crucial role in preserving culture, fostering social engagement, upholding societal values, and promoting national unity. However, colonial influence has led to the adoption of foreign languages like English and French as official languages in many African countries, overshadowing native languages. This shift has caused African youths, particularly in Anglophone and Francophone countries, to lose interest in their native languages, preferring foreign languages and Western lifestyles instead. This trend is exacerbated in schools, where English or French is the primary mode of communication. Adopting a critical analysis, the paper laid much emphasis on reconstructing culture and building societal values in the global era. Findings reveal that language and culture are correlated, and the African continent is faced with the problem of code-switching or mixing of languages. The paper, therefore, advocates for the inclusion of mother tongues in elementary school curricula to address the decline in interest in native languages and the rising issue of code-switching or mixing of languages.Item Political Exclusion and the Quest for Self-Determination in Southeastern Nigeria(African RenaissanceVol. 22, No. 1, 2025-05) Osimen Goddy U.; Daudu Basil Osayin; Chidozie Felix C.The Igbo, one of Nigeria’s major ethnic groups have long experienced marginalisation and perceived exclusion from national political leadership. The research adopted the phenomenological research design with data collected from secondary sources via a systematic literature review. The data gathered were analysed, utilizing thematic analysis. Using the relative deprivation theory, this study explores the historical backdrop, socio-political dynamics, and key factors underlying the Igbo people’s perceived political exclusion. The study investigates the motivating factors driving the Igbo people’s quest for self-determination and digs into the techniques used by Igbo socio-political parties such as MASSOB (Movement for the Actualisation of the Sovereign State of Biafra) and IPOB (Indigenous People of Biafra) to achieve self-determination ranging from peaceful rallies to separatist movements. The study also looks at how the Nigerian government and other stakeholders responded to these demands. Among other things, the study revealed that ethnic sentiment is a problem in Nigeria, and adding to the growing literature on political exclusion and self-determination, the study provides a deeper knowledge of challenges faced by the Igbo and potential paths (nonviolence, dialogue and inclusivity) for addressing their concerns within the Nigerian political structure.