College of Leadership and Development Studies

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Author: search.filters.author.Osimen Goddy U.End date: 2022

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    Herdsmen and Farmers Conflict in Nigeria: A Threat to Peace-building and National Security in West Africa
    (Journal of Social Science and Humanit ies Research, 2019) Osimen Goddy U.; Edokpa Fadal Mary; Oluwatobi Daramola I.
    One of the recurrent security challenges that confront many states in the country is the scourge of Fulani herdsmen. The attacks by the herdsmen on the sedentary communities have being increasing with each passing day. Much has been written on farmers and Fulani herdsmen conflict in Nigeria. The menace posed in the different communities they migrate to for purposes of grazing their cattle is becoming very alarming. They are more and more constituting major security challenges to their host communities. The propensity towards engaging the land and farm owners of the sites they graze their cattle is increasing by the day as they update their arsenal with highly sophisticated weapons. This is the prevalent security challenge in some communities and states in Nigeria. There have been escalations of reported attacks by Fulani herdsmen who brutally kill natives of the invaded farming communities including women and children in various states across the country. Worst affected states include Benue, Nassarawa, Plateau, Taraba, Kaduna, Adamawa, Zamfara, Oyo, Imo, Cross-River and Enugu. There are recurrent clashes of interests between the host farming communities and the nomadic cattle herders. The major causes by our findings revealed that; Destruction of crops by the cattle, Contamination of stream by cattle, disregard for traditional authority, Over-grazing of fallow land, sexual harassment of women by nomads, Harassment of nomads by host youths, Indiscriminate defecation on roads, theft of cattle , stray cattle, and indiscriminate bush burning. The study also observed that there is no resource sustainability in Nigeria hence; it is difficult for the majority of its citizens who require land for farming and grazing to have access to land. And this is one of the major causes of conflict between the parties. The paper therefore, recommended that the problem can be minimized through extension agency intervention to identify stakeholders and development trust between the disputants using the mechanism tagged ―local development plans (LDP) which is community initiated process to reduce tension over access and the use of land and effective participation in decision-making and economic activities in the communities and among others.
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    ONE NATION UNDER SIEGE? BOKO HARAM AND THE NIGER DELTA AVENGERS PHENOMENA IN NIGERIA
    (NOUN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PEACE STUDIES AND CONFLICT RESOLUTION VOL. 1, NO. 2 9(B), 2021-08) AGARA Tunde; Osimen Goddy U.
    Violent conflict within multi-ethnic and multi-religious countries is almost as given, although not all multi-ethnic or multi-religious societies are violent. The gamut of those riddled with violent conflict ranges from Yugoslavia and USSR to Northern Ireland and the Basque country, from Rwanda to Darfur, and Indonesia to Fiji. Numerous bitter and deadly conflicts have been fought along ethnic and religious lines. Nigeria is only such country today, fighting for its survival at two fronts or against two incompatible oppositions at the same time. This has heightened the state and nature of insecurity in the country. Using social movements and protracted social conflict as theoretical frameworks, this paper seeks to argue along the trajectory that Nigeria is presently experiencing two types of terrorist insurgency – political (Avengers) and religious (Boko Haram). The paper’s main argument flows from the fact that people see themselves in many different ways that constitute a form of identity which can be fluid, short-lived and insignificant or more permanent and more significant personally and socially. However, the importance which people ascribe to different aspects of their identity varies according to context and over time, but where violent conflicts are mobilised and organised by identity, such identities must be sufficiently important enough to make people prepared to fight, kill and even die in the name of that identity. The escalation of the politics of identity leading to a somewhat permanent state of insecurity makes the paper to wonder whether the Nigerian state may survive this bombardments and assault on its security and political stability.
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    The Role of ECOWAS in the Fight against the Proliferation of Small Arms and Light Weapons in West-Africa Sub-Region
    (International Journal of Political Science Volume 6, Issue 4, 2020) Osimen Goddy U.; Anegbode John E.; Adi Isaac
    The conflict-ridden West African sub-region is a showcase of uncontrolled SALW proliferation. Vast quantities of arms have flooded the region despite their rampant misuse by state and non-state actors alike. The widespread availability of small arms to abusive actors poses a threat of unprecedented magnitude to West Africa, far greater than that of HIV/AIDS or Covid-19 in terms of its socio-economic and human consequences. Because of this proliferation, the fabric of the sub-region itself is rapidly changing, moving toward self-destruction. It is on this backdrop the paper examined the role of ECOWAS and its Convention in the Fight against SALW proliferation in the West Africa sub region. The paper revealed that, there are over one hundred million illicit SALW in West Africa, which has continue to fuel countless armed conflict in the sub region despite the un-relented efforts of ECOWAS to eradicate the menace in the sub region. The paper further revealed that ECOWAS Convention which seeks to combat the excessive and destabilizing accumulation of SALW within the sub region is nothing but a mirage as a result of weak national controls and lack of international cooperation on arms control that have led to the proliferation of these weapons on illicit markets. It was discovered that, the greatest barrier to resolving debates over gun policy in the sub region is the lack of comprehensive data and political will among the states. Hence, it concludes that, reducing SALW and the illicit transfer of weapons to combatants, criminals, and terrorists will require a fresh strategic approach with more defined objectives and greater commonality among the member states within the sub region. While the illicit proliferation of SALW presents one of the gravest security threats in modern times in the sub region, norms and frameworks, through ECOWAS such as the Programme of Action to regulate and prohibit the transfer, manufacture and possession of small arms and light weapons among unauthorized persons/organization will be welcome development but, such measures must be promoted through transparency, cooperation and exchange of information among member states.
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    RETHINKING PEACE, SECURITY AND SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT IN NIGERIA
    (International Journal of Education Humanities and Social Science Vol. 5, No. 01, 2022) Osimen Goddy U.; RUFUS AISEDION
    There is growing recognition that peace and security are fundamental for socio-political and economic development of any country in the world. Yet Violent conflicts, whether social, political, or environmental, has significantly contributed to the crisis of sustainable development and security challenges in terms of loss of human and material resources. This paper has therefore, examined the nature of peace, security and sustainable development in Nigeria. The study adopts a combination of theories like; the clash of civilization theory, the frustration-aggression theory, state fragility and failed state theory. Qualitative method, such as textbooks, journal articles, internet, among others was used as sources of data collection. The work was descriptively analyzed through the content of the information gathered. The paper explores various dimensions of the social, political, economic and other conditions that have over the years affected the indices for measuring peace, security and sustainable development in Nigeria. Consequently, the paper revealed some of the symptoms that have truncated the “God given” peace, security and sustainable development in Nigeria, which includes; corruption, unemployment, Weak institutional system, structural imbalance, human trafficking, bad leadership, among others. The paper concluded with some useful policies recommendations regarding the way forward therein and most importantly, called for the need by the Nigeria government to learn from history, as attempts been made to tackle the challenges currently upsetting the attainment of sustainable peace, security and development in the country.
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    Nigeria-China Economic Relations: Matters Arising
    (Global Journal of Political Science and Administration Vol.10, No.3, 2022) Osimen Goddy U.; Micah Ezekiel Elton Mike
    Nigeria's bilateral relation with China has been in place over a decade after Nigeria gained independence from the British realm. The Relationship has expanded both growing bilateral trade and strategic cooperation. It is within this basis that the Nigeria-China relations were examined focusing on the issues, challenges and prospects. Secondary method of data collection was employed for this study and the data were analysed qualitatively. The study revealed among others that Nigeria foreign trade policy has been inconsistent with economic relations with China. The paper also revealed unbalance of trade between the two nation states; the term of trade between the two countries shows that Nigeria’s import is greater than her export hence; China has gained more than Nigeria in the long run especially in the area of oil exploration and exploitation. The unwillingness of Chinese government to fulfil its part of agreement to transfer technology to Nigeria was also revealed. The paper therefore concluded that since the relation between Nigeria and China is asymmetrical and lopsided one, it will be difficult for Nigerian government to solve the country’s problem together with her national debt to China if measures are not put in place. Hence, it’s recommended that Nigerian government should reform her system of trade towards China which will not only boost her technological advancement but her negotiation capacity to maximise more benefits in the country’s economic relation with China. Most importantly, Nigerian government must adhere to her foreign trade policy in future dealings with China.
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    QUALITY INSTRUCTION IN ENTREPRENEURISM: NIGERIA OFFERS OPPORTUNITIES FOR YOUTH ADVANCEMENT, JOB CREATION, AND POVERTY REDUCTION
    (INTERNATIONAL RESEARCH JOURNAL OF INFINITE INNOVATIONS IN ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY Volume09 Issue11, 2022-11) Osimen Goddy U.
    Quality and quantity issues pose a serious threat to Nigeria's implementation of entrepreneurial education, placing African nations further apart from developed nations like Japan, the United States of America, and Great Britain. Poverty, unemployment, and quality and quantity of entrepreneurial education were all discussed in this paper. It also looked at how to reduce poverty and promote advancement in Nigeria by providing access to high-quality entrepreneurial education. The paper came to the conclusion that Nigeria ought to direct resources toward the promotion of inclusive growth. This will make it possible for young entrepreneurs in Nigeria to contribute to the country's economic growth and advancement while also benefiting from it.
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    The Supply of Small Arms and Light Weapons to Conflict Zones: The Bane of Onset, Intensity and Duration of Armed Conflict in Africa
    (International Affairs and Global Strategy Vol.88, 2020) Osimen Goddy U.; RUFUS AISEDION; Adi Isaac
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    Sustainability of Existing Cultures, Entertainment and Identity; for National Unity in A Small World
    (Research on Humanities and Social Sciences Vol.9, No.18, 2019) Edokpa Fadal Mary; Omosun Marvins Kennedy; Osimen Goddy U.
    The recognition of entertainment could be traced down to the peoples’ way of life. It constitutes their cultural arts in satisfying human values which are reflection of the ethnical and cultural identity. This paper explains the significance of sustaining entertainment for the endowed cultures and identity in Africa for national unity. The essence of this is that ethnicity is identity which has other elements that make up cultural values. This paper concisely describes and explains the importance of enhancing popular ethics and entertainment of music and cultural arts. It is aimed at showing how entertainment can build the nation’s unity by way of sustaining a popular sense of identity and recognition in terms of interest and values. It becomes imperative for any nation to take cognizance of its entertainment with a view to managing it for national unity and identification of cultures. It means that the contributions of the aesthetics of entertainment differ from nation to nation when trans-valued or compared with others. Thus, when popular entertainment meets the taste of its people’s origin and beyond, it contributes to a nation’s unity in diversity because the people of its origin are part of the nation whose culture encapsulate entertainment identity. It is our finding that recognition of popular entertainment and ethnic identity leads to peace and unity. This is however geared towards achieving a universal unity for peace and development through objective approach against subjective approach which has always been the trend. This paper utilizesecondary source of data.
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    Ethical Issues and Security Practice in Nigeria: The Aftermath of #End SARS and the Nigerian Police Force Reform Agenda
    (International Journal of Scientific and Research Publications, Volume 11, Issue 6,, 2021) Osimen Goddy U.; RUFUS AISEDION
    The personnel of official law enforcement agencies such as the Nigeria police have authorities and responsibilities that other public personnel do not. These are important powers that limit civil liberties, such as stopping, searching, asking for identification, confiscation, apprehending, using force, and interrogation. The performance of these duties has significant effects on people’s quality of life, and especially on civil liberties and social life. Taking into account the degree of discretion allowed to security personnel to enforce the law, it becomes clear that there is a need for a code of professional ethics, in addition to existing legislation, in order to increase the quality of the service they provide. The paper therefore, looks at the ethical practice of the security personnel using Nigeria police Force as a case study. To understand the unruly properly, the following questions were considered; what are police ethics,’ ‘to which security personnel do police ethics apply, ‘why is a code of ethics necessary to security personnel’ and how can will inject ethical conduct into security practice in Nigeria. The sources of ethical rules and their relation to police ethics, social morality and justice were also considered. The relationship between police ethics and professionalism was addressed. On the basis of empirical evidence from the field, the paper revealed cases of indiscipline and wrong doings among security personnel like; arrogance, torture, harassment, killings, intimidation, rape, extra judicial killings to mention but few. Emphasis was therefore, made on the necessity of total compliance with the code of ethics by all security personnel currently active in the field of internal security services in Nigeria.
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    Boko Haram Insurgency/Terrorist and its Impact on Nigeria’s Economy
    (International Journal of Scientific and Research Publications, Volume 11, Issue 12, 2021) Alonge Sylvester; Osimen Goddy U.
    Boko Haram terrorist group has posed a significant security problem to the country. Apart from the fact that the terrorist group has displaced farmers, causing many of them to desert their farms, their activities have equally affected the country's production and trade of goods and services. Boko Haram insurgency has similarly affected the movement of goods and services across the country, especially in the North-eastern states, the exportation of cash and food crops, tourism, and entrepreneurial development, all of which have dire consequences for the country's economy. If Boko Haram's terror is allowed to persist, it could plunge the country into a recession that will take years to recover. Thus, this study examined the effect of the Boko Haram insurgency on Nigeria's economy, with a particular focus on how to curb the menace. The paper utilized secondary data sourced from textbooks, journals, newspapers, and the internet. The paper found that Boko Haram terrorist insurgency harm agricultural productivity, trade, investment, entrepreneurial and industrial development in Nigeria. It therefore recommended that Nigerian government should provide adequate necessities of life such as good hospitals, quality education, motorable roads, portable water, and favourable conditions for employment opportunities to the people of Nigeria, as it will help to enhance employment generation and reduce the rate at which people indulge in the act of terrorism. It also recommended that the government should initiate more strategies or programmes of poverty reduction, as it will help reduce drastically the rate at which some Nigerians indulge in acts of terrorism or other activities capable of enthroning insecurity in the country