College of Leadership and Development Studies

Now showing 1 - 2 of 2

Assessing the security implications of the ECOWAS protocol on free movement in Nigeria
(International Journal of Innovative Research and Scientific Studies, 8(2), 2025) Ochoga Edwin Ochoga; Osimen Goddy U.; Pokubo Ibiso Esther
The study is designed to assess whether the ECOWAS Protocol on Free Movement of Persons has had negative implications for Nigeria’s national security. The study used key informant interviews and secondary sources as instruments to collect qualitative and quantitative data. The study critiqued the economic integration theory, and the assumption of the theory is premised on the removal of tariff and non-tariff barriers among member states for the free movement of factors of production across national borders. It used the obtained qualitative and quantitative data to demonstrate how Nigeria’s national security has been negatively affected by the free movement regime of ECOWAS. The study reveals that there is a relationship between the free movement enabled by the Protocol and the spread of Boko Haram terrorism, cattle rustling, armed banditry, and the activities of violent herders in Nigeria. Poor implementation of the Protocol by Nigeria, arising from the non-enforcement of Article 4 of the Protocol, the absence of a migration central database, porous borders, and socio-cultural affinities among border communities, are the challenges associated with the implementation of the Protocol in Nigeria. This study argues that proponents of the ECOWAS Protocol on free movement are mainly concerned about the economic benefits of the Protocol for member states without considering the socio-economic complexities associated with the window provided by the free movement regime occasioned by ECOWAS. It is upon this contextual premise that the study reveals that, unlike previous studies, every region has its own specificities to take into account when addressing the concept of free movement. Indeed, given the specific character of migratory movements in each region, there are perhaps as many different approaches to the subject as there are regions. In conclusion, despite the socio-economic benefits of the free movement regime, it has shown that the Protocol has been poorly implemented by Nigeria, with its attendant consequences on Nigeria’s national security. This finding was arrived at by subjecting the conventional perspective of regional economic integration to scrutiny, using Nigeria as a case study. The study recommends that guided economic integration is more desirable for Nigeria’s national security than the ideological allegory of the economic integration theory.
Artisanal petroleum refining and health security in Rivers State, Nigeria
(Heritage and Sustainable Development Vol. 6, No. 2, 2024-10) Oladoyin Anthony Mayowa; Pokubo Ibiso Esther; Osimen Goddy U.
This study investigated the ramifications of artisanal petroleum refining on public health security within the locales of Degema, Ogu-bolo, and Opobo local government areas. Its primary objective was to investigate the relationship between artisanal petroleum refining and health security in Rivers State. A cross-sectional survey research design was employed. Both primary and secondary data were used in the analysis of data. Primary data were sourced through a structured questionnaire. Secondary data were also drawn from scholarly literature sources, including internet materials and national publications. From the estimated population of 686,900, the sample size was determined using the sample size formula for proportion estimation which resulted in 384 respondents. Additionally, a total of 9 healthcare professionals within the study area were interviewed. A total of 295 respondents was covered for analysis, based on the response rate of the usable questionnaire received. A total of 202 (68.4%) respondents affirmed that they experience health challenges as a result of exposure to residues from illegal petroleum refining in the study areas. The data obtained were subjected to Pearson correlation and one-way analysis of variance using SPSS software to test the correlation. The test of correlation on the relationship between illegal petroleum refining (-.439) and health security (1) in Rivers State, indicated a moderate negative correlation, which is significant at 0.01 level (2-tailed). In order words, there is an inverse relationship between health security and illegal petroleum refining; which means that health security decreases as illegal petroleum refining increases. The incidence of illegal petroleum refining undoubtedly presents considerable hazards to public health security. This challenge can be mitigated by the assimilation of the knowledge and expertise of the illegal refiners into a comprehensive technology that the country can harness for starting up a national program of safe petroleum refining in Nigeria.

College of Leadership and Development Studies

Browse

Filters

Settings

Sort By

Results per page

Search Results