Sustainable approach of biological treatment of landfill leachate by Anaerobic Ammonium Oxidation: A review
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An upsurge in living standards, rising industrialization and urbanization, the protection of water
environment has become a priority. Anaerobic ammonium oxidation process has drawn a lot of attention since
it demonstrated substantial advantages over conventional nitrogen removal techniques, including a 100%
reduction in the amount of organic carbon required, a 60% reduction in the amount of aeration needed, and a
90% reduction in the amount of sludge produced. Effective treatment of landfill leachate is extremely important
as leachate is a threat to the environment. Municipal waste management is still a challenging situation in
developing countries. Uncontrolled waste disposal results in greenhouse gases emissions which worsens
climate change as the leachate will pollute water bodies, soil and a significant air pollution which impacts on
human health will be released. This paper reviewed several published research works in Scopus dealing with
the leachate treatment by Anammox process combined with some other systems and highlighted some common
challenges found with the application of this new technology. Treating landfill leachate resulted in an excellent
ammonium NH4
+-N removal efficiency. However, it has been highlighted that most of the research reviewed
reported some limitations of the technology on a small scale such as the low start-up time affecting the growth
of bacteria in the reactors and the instability of the system when pH and temperature decrease. Biological
treatment, Anammox method included, offers a cost-effective, eco-friendly, and an effective solution for
nitrogen removal.
Keywords
TA Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General)