Programme: Policy and Strategic Studies
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Item Political Leadership and Humanitarian Crisis: The Aftermath of Rwanda Conflict and the Challenges of Democratic Sustainability in Africa(Journal of Somali Studies : Research on Somalia and the Greater Horn of African CountriesVol. 12, No. 1, 2025) Osimen Goddy U.; Udoh Oluwakemi D.; Daudu Basil Osayin; Odukoya Jonathan Adedayo; Chidozie Felix C.Political leadership and humanitarian crises have had a huge impact on the democratic sustainability of many African states since gaining independence from their colonial masters in the 1960s. Political leadership, humanitarian crises, and democratic sustainability are strongly interconnected as the quality of leadership during a crisis can either strengthen or weaken democratic systems. Good leadership prevents crisis, while bad leadership leads to anarchy, thereby endangering democratic principles and processes. The ideas of political leadership, humanitarian crises, and democratic sustainability unfold in the case of the Rwandan conflict and its aftermath, thereby making the country a case study for the rest of the world. This is well described using the Political Leadership theory in this study. The objectives of the study are to: (i) examine the Rwandan conflict/genocide and Rwanda’s political sphere between 1998 and 2022; (ii) interrogate the role of leadership in the recovery of Rwandans from the humanitarian crisis they faced; (iii) highlight the policies and structural changes made by the government of Rwanda, particularly the reconciliatory and peacebuilding mechanisms initiated in the aftermath of the Conflict; and (iv) examine how political leadership, humanitarian crises, and democratic sustainability have contributed to the current state of affairs in the continent of Africa. Thus, the study adopted a qualitative case study design to evaluate political leadership, humanitarian crises, and the challenges of democratic sustainability in the context of post-genocide Rwanda. The study revealed, among others, that Rwanda’s leadership overcame the humanitarian crisis via leadership quality, indicating that strong institutions, effective leadership, and the rule of law are key to sustaining democracy in African states.Item Cyberbullying and Social Media(Combatting Cyberbullying in Digital Media with Artificial Intelligence, 2023) Daudu Basil Osayin; Osimen Goddy U.; Shuaibu KennedyThrough the use of Internet, the world has become a global village, connecting diverse people, cultures, and countries together. Technology has made remarkable and transformative changes in human lives and societies, boosting the economies of nations. However, some people have taken advantage of this to perpetuate cybercrimes, and one of such cybercrimes is cyberbullying (online abuse), which manifests itself in various forms such as pranking, impersonation, hacking, fake news, among others. The negative impacts of cyberbullying on African digital space and Africa at large are disheartening, and the possibility of dealing with this monstrous online crime in Africa has not yielded much positive results due to insufficient technological infrastructures, personnel, and knowledge. Cyberbullies use social media to enhance their nefarious activities, reaching out to their gullible victims with ease. As such, our lead questions are as follows: How is cyberbullying perpetuated in African digital space? What impact does cyberbullying have on Afrocentric society? How best can cyberbullying be dealt with in African digital space? In this chapter, we critically examine cyberbullying and social media in light of African digital space, the communication means adopted by cyberbullies and their implications for African digital space and Africa at large. We, therefore, argue for artificial intelligence knowledge production and application as a potential solution to combating cyberbullying in African digital spaceItem Reconstructing culture and building societal values in the global era: The imperative of mother-tongue in elementary schools curriculum in Africa(Research Journal in Advanced Humanities Volume 6, Issue 1, 2025) Osimen Goddy U.; Ehibor Oremire Judith; Daudu Basil Osayin; Alofun Grace OlufolakeEvery tribe has a unique culture of which language is a distinctive feature. The relationship between language and culture is fundamental, as a native language provides access to understanding a community’s way of life. Language is a key connector for people, regardless of status or background, and an essential part of cultural identity. In Africa, indigenous languages, or mother tongues, play a crucial role in preserving culture, fostering social engagement, upholding societal values, and promoting national unity. However, colonial influence has led to the adoption of foreign languages like English and French as official languages in many African countries, overshadowing native languages. This shift has caused African youths, particularly in Anglophone and Francophone countries, to lose interest in their native languages, preferring foreign languages and Western lifestyles instead. This trend is exacerbated in schools, where English or French is the primary mode of communication. Adopting a critical analysis, the paper laid much emphasis on reconstructing culture and building societal values in the global era. Findings reveal that language and culture are correlated, and the African continent is faced with the problem of code-switching or mixing of languages. The paper, therefore, advocates for the inclusion of mother tongues in elementary school curricula to address the decline in interest in native languages and the rising issue of code-switching or mixing of languages.Item Armed Banditry and Mass School Abductions in Northern Nigeria: Implications for National Security(Canadian Social Science Vol. 18, No. 4, 2022) Osimen Goddy U.; Daudu Basil OsayinSecurity threats in Nigeria, due to activities of armed bandits/extremist such as kidnapping school children for ransom is one of the major prevalent insecurity issues that threaten to collapse government structures in the country. Nigeria is currently groaning under the yoke of the jihadist/Islamic movement, secessionist’s movement and all manners of criminalities. The recent spate of abductions and mass kidnapping of school children represents one of the existential threats to the future of education in northern Nigeria. The problems have provoked serious concerns across the nation, has called for urgent and holistic resolution. It has continued to be precarious, volatile and highly unpredictable, therefore creating untold fear on the people in the region; exacerbate the close down of many schools, food crisis situation, sexual molestation/slavery, and increasing wave of Internally Displaced Persons. Government’s response to the challenges has generally been ineffectual, uncoordinated and poorly executed. This paper, therefore, examines the mainstream of armed banditry, hostage taking/kidnapping in northern schools and their security threats to Nigeria. This paper anchored on “Failed state theory” and data were sourced through secondary means and analyzed qualitatively. The paper revealed that lack of education, mass illiteracy and lack of employment opportunities are among the root causes of the criminalities, banditry, and terrorism in northern Nigeria. Hence, government cannot be passive about this security challenge. It is obviously clear that government has failed in her duty to provide basic needs and has also failed to defend and protect her people. Therefore, government should address the root causes of insecurity in the northern Nigeria including overhauling the security architecture system among other policies geared towards eliminating structural imbalance in the region.