College of Engineering

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A review on the sustainable energy generation from the pyrolysis of coconut biomass
(Scientific African (Elsevier), 2021) Azeta Osarhiemhen; Ayeni A. O.; Agboola O.; Elehinafe Francis B.
he negative impacts of the extraction and exploration of fossil fuel on the environment and its depletion that has led to environmental degradation have encouraged researchers, stakeholders, and the government to explore alternative and renewable energy sources such as lignocellulosic biomass. Biomass pyrolysis has proven to be a viable energy conversion process over the last decade due to its low carbon footprint on the environment. Pyrolytic products that are bio-char, bio-oil, and bio-gas have several applications and contribute to our society’s industrial, commercial, and economic growth. This paper reviews the different types of pyrolytic processes using coconut biomass as a feedstock while focusing on the biomass properties that make it useful for pyrolysis and the factors affecting the process.
A Simplified Design for Biodiesel Production
(International Conference on Engineering for Sustainable World (IOP Publishing), 2021) Ayoola A. A.; Alagbe E. E.; Agboola O.; Ayeni O. A.; Adeyemi G. A.; Nnabuko D.; Makinwa
Application of mass transfer in the pulp and paper Industry􀀀 overview, processing, challenges, and prospects
(Results in Engineering (Elsevier), 2023) Odunlami Olayemi A.; Amoo Temiloluwa E.; Adisa Hassan A.; Elehinafe Francis B.; Oladimeji Temitayo E.
This study reviews the mass transfer with a focus on the challenges, benefits, processing and prospects in the pulp and paper industry with a scope limited to Kraft pulping which is the dominant pulping process worldwide. The mass transfer usually occurs in various processes that deal with reactions, separation, and heat transfer. All these aforementioned processes occur in the production of pulp and paper from their raw materials. The application of mass transfer to these processes is of great importance in setting target yields, and specifications and improving efficiency. The major processes where mass transfer principles are applied are drying, chemical washing, pulp digestion and pulp bleaching respectively. Understanding the requirements and targets of each of these processes in combination with the mass transfer principles helps in the development of models and design of equipment that operate based on the developed models in meeting the required targets. Studies have indicated that mass and energy balances cannot be done independently in meeting the required targets and equipment design. The drying and stripping of lignocellulosic components of the feed-in paper manufacture constitute a large part of the challenges faced by the industry. Drying techniques have been considered to be inefficient, and lignocellulosic by-products are known to contain toxic components. Green chemistry production processes and newer drying techniques were indicated as possible solutions. It is expected that researchers and investors would find this article useful.
CONTROL OF FOSSIL FUEL GAS OPERATING CONDITIONS ON THE PERFORMANCE OF CARBON DIOXIDE CAPTURE PROCESS
(2021) Letsholo I.; Moropeng M. L.; Mavhungu A.; Agboola O.; Fayomi O. S. I.; Moropeng R. C.
Corrosion mitigating techniques and the mechanisms: Comment
(International Conference on Engineering for Sustainable World (IOP Publishing), 2021) Ayodeji A. I.; Fayomi O.S.I.; Babaremu K. O.; Abioye P. O.; Agboola O.; Daniyan A. A.
A lasting solution is required to curb the corrosion attack because of the very destructive effect it has on engineering materials. Corrosion is a material degrading phenomenon that reduces the significant properties of metallic materials, making them less useful. This paper has been able to highlight the very suitable methods or techniques that help to mitigate the effect of corrosion on metals and other helpful engineering materials. Some of these methods are electrodeposition and protective coatings like organic coatings, inorganic coatings, and metallic coatings.
Corrosion Phenomena and the Occurrences; A comment
(International Conference on Engineering for Sustainable World (IOP Publishing), 2021) Ayodeji A. I.; FayomiO.S.I.; Daniyan A. A.; Babaremu K. O.; Abioye P. O.; Agboola O.
Corrosion refers to the deterioration of metallic materials resulting from the reactions between the components and their environe. However, corrosion occurs every day in the human world, both in industrial operations and domestically. This happens in different ways, making it well categorized into various types. This paper has concisely reported the basic phenomenon of corrosion, its environmental effect, and the various types like a crevice, pitting, erosion, and others. The Electrochemical behavior of corrosion was also reported as reactions that include oxidation and reduction reactions; oxidation reactions increase the valence number of materials by removing particles from the material, making them positively charged. In other ways, technological advancement has provided several attempts to understand this catastrophe, providing consistent mitigating measures and control toward attaining less cost. This overview studies the electrochemical corrosion phenomena and the prospect of materials selection in curtailing the ranging challenges.
Data on the effect of Ibruprofen drug derivative on 430T1 stainless steel in acid solutions
(International Conference on Engineering for Sustainable World (IOP Publishing), 2021) Sanni O.; Fayomi O. S. I.; Popoola A. P. I.; Agboola O.
DEVELOPMENT OF A PAIRING-ANOMALY DETECTION SYSTEM IN VIDEO SURVEILLANCE USING OBJECT DETECTION MODEL
(2025-03) SODIPO, QUEEN BUSAYO; Covenant University Diseertation
Anomaly detection in social behaviours among students is critical to maintaining a safe and respectful academic environment. This research focuses on developing an object detection-based pairing-anomaly detection system to identify and classify unusual social behaviours, such as hand-holding, which can be perceived as an anomaly and potentially lead to more serious issues like sexual misconduct. Object detection, a most significant branch of computer vision, attempts to locate and identify objects in images or video frames. The other is anomaly detection, identifying data sets that do not follow expected behaviour configurations. Combining object detection and anomaly detection approaches provides a powerful solution to detect and flag anomalous or problematic behaviour in any setting. Object detection-based models have recently gained significant attention for their efficiency in detecting and identifying anomalies of interest in complex scenes at high precision. This study shows the application of deep learning for anomalous event detection with an object detection architecture. Utilising the YOLO (You Only Look Once) architecture, the system is designed to detect and localise anomalies in real-time. The model is trained on a custom holding hands dataset, specifically designed to capture instances of hand-holding alongside the Pascal VOC (Visual Object Classes) benchmark dataset, to ensure versatility across varied scenarios. This approach incorporates transfer learning and data augmentation techniques to and optimise model performance with limited labelled data. Evaluation metrics, including mean accuracy precision (mAP), recall, F1 score, and AUC (Area Under Curve), demonstrate the model's effectiveness, with the Custom Holding Hands Dataset achieving an impressive mAP score of 99.5%. The system is integrated into a web application, enabling real-time anomaly detection and classification. This research contributes to developing computer vision-based pairing-anomaly detection systems for social behaviour analysis, with potential applications in maintaining a safe and respectful academic environment.
DEVELOPMENT OF AN AUTONOMOU AGENT FOR A NUMBER STRATEGY GAME USING DEEP Q-NETWORK
(Covenant University Ota, 2025-03) NKWOR, JANE CHINELO; Covenant University Dissertation
Deep Q-Networks (DQNs) have emerged as a pivotal reinforcement learning algorithm for training autonomous agents in complex decision-making tasks. This study investigates the application of Deep Q-Networks in Numero, a number strategy game that requires logical reasoning and iterative feedback processing. Numero is a number strategy game where players predict an opponent's secret four-digit number in the fewest steps possible by analysing feedback and refining strategies. The study explores Numero's unique challenges, such as sparse reward structures, high-dimensional state-action spaces, and non-deterministic feedback mechanisms. To address these challenges, a Deep Q-Network algorithm augmented with Prioritised Experience Replay(PER) was designed and developed to enhance sample efficiency by prioritising critical experiences during training. The autonomous agent interacts with the custom environment, sampling mini-batches from the replay buffer, performing backpropagation, and updating Q-values to improve decision-making. Hyperparameters, such as learning rate, discount factor, replay buffer and exploration rate, were tuned to optimise the agent's learning efficiency. Comparative analysis was conducted using Reservoir Sampling without Replacement and the Minimax algorithm as a baseline approach. Experimental results show that the algorithm achieved a higher success rate (correctly predicted numbers) and faster convergence than Minimax, reducing the average number of steps required to guess the secret number by more than 100%. Additionally, this algorithm demonstrated superior adaptability in handling dynamic feedback, outperforming Reservoir sampling in long-term decision-making. These findings reveal the effectiveness of Deep Q-Networks in structured feedback-driven environments, suggesting their potential application in logical reasoning and decision-making tasks and that the autonomous agent learns effective decision-making strategies through iterative training and fine-tuning, demonstrating improved performance in predicting the opponent's secret number. Further research directions include extending this approach to multi-agent settings where multiple autonomous agents can compete or collaborate to refine their strategic reasoning and explore its application in real-world scenarios requiring structured feedback processing.
Empirical assessment of ammonia and urea concentrations in wastewater from a pharmaceutical plant: A case study
(International Conference on Energy and Sustainable Environment (IOP Conf. Series), 2021) Sanni S E.; Odigure J. O.; Agboola O.; Emetere M. E.; Okoro E. E.; Audu C.
In several ways, urea is one of the most prominent sources of fixed nitrogen due to its relative abundance in waste water treatment plants. In this study, the wastewater effluent from X-Chemical Industries was considered for hazard analysis in order to ascertain the water quality and impact at the outfall effluent of company X relative to environmental standards. The study period is for December, 2013 – February 2014. Based on the results, it was observed that at the company’s sluice gate, the desorber (primary treatment unit) did not perform optimally. Also, the variation of the parameters measured i.e. urea concentration, pH and ammonia concentrations exceeded the standards established by the World Bank, International Finance Corporation (IFC) and the National Environmental Standards and Regulations Enforcement Agency (NESREA), i.e. against the specified standard of 100 ppm, higher concentrations include December 3, 9, 11, 12, 19, 20, 21, 24, 25, 27, 28 and 29 with corresponding urea concentrations of 1457, 1970.4, 122.7, 163.2, 150.3, 171.4, 148.76, 270.78, 178, 123, 101.33 and 250.43 ppm respectively, whereas that of ammonia is higher than 5 ppm on December 3, 21, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28 and 29 with corresponding concentrations of 8.4, 9.69, 8.13, 9.45, 12.5, 6.98, 22.95 and 9.95 respectively, whereas, it was lowest on other days. It was also observed that the treated waste water advancing the creek (jetty) close to the plant, will have environmental consequences on marine lives such as marine micro-flora as well as fishes.
ENHANCEMENT OF FINGERPRINT TEMPLATE PROTECTION AND PRIVACY PRESERVATION USING FULLY HOMOMORPHIC ENCRYPTION
(Covenant University Ota, 2025-03) ITUH NICOL IGNATIUS; Covenant University Dissertation
The transition from conventional or token-based passwords to biometric technologies because of the advantageous characteristics of biometrics traits is increasing daily. Nowadays, biometric technologies are utilised in applications such as border control, e-banking, e-health, etc. Biometric traits comprise biological traits (iris, face, fingerprint, etc) and behavioural traits (keystroke, signature, voice, etc). In contrast to other biometric traits, the fingerprint is the most utilised in most applications. Despite the advantages, biometric technologies have their drawbacks. The biometric data of an individual is unique since no two people have the same biometrics, and compromising this biometric data could have devastating results. This issue was addressed using the implementation of the Paillier cryptosystem, a partial homomorphic encryption scheme which only involves addition operations. This implementation suffers drawbacks when faced with complex computations such as the multiplication of two ciphertexts and faces ciphertext noise growth due to these complex computations. Thus, a need for fully homomorphic encryption which handles complex computation and manages noise growth through several techniques. This research work is aimed at enhancing fingerprint template protection and privacy preservation using fully homomorphic encryption. The proposed system was developed utilising the Brakerski/Fan-Vercauteren fully homomorphic encryption scheme implemented using the OpenFHE-Python library. The system was evaluated using the Neurotechnology CrossMatch dataset according to performance metrics including Accuracy, Genuine Acceptance Rate (GAR) and Equal Error Rate (EER). Results indicated that the Neurotechnology CrossMatch dataset achieved an accuracy of 84%, GAR of 84%, and EER of 16%. Therefore, the implementation of fully homomorphic encryption in biometrics achieves adequate accuracy despite both the encryption and decryption processes, thereby safeguarding the template, and preserving the user’s privacy.
ENHANCING THE PERFORMANCE OF WATER BASED MUD FOR HIGH TEMPERATURE HIGH PRESSURE (HTHP) APPLICATIONS USING BIO-BASED POLYMER AND NANOPARTICLES
(SSRN, 2022-12) Abiodun Adeyemi Gbadegesin; Samson Fadairo Adesina; ling Kegang; Ayodeji Ayoola A.; Owen Erhabor Lewis
The increased need for energy and petroleum products has led to the exploration of deep and ultradeep wells such as geothermal and harsh formation. Oil-Based Muds (OBM) fluid has the best qualities because of its stability but its environmental challenge is of great concern. In many parts of the world, environmental rules continue to ban the use of oil-based muds, although very effective yet polluting and expensive. Water-Based Muds Fluids (WBMFs) which are environmentally friendly and inexpensive to produce are considered as alternatives, but under the high temperature and high-pressure conditions, their stability is compromised. Addition of biopolymer to WBMFs was consider since it is ecologically acceptable, but at elevated temperature the biopolymer is break down and reduces the drilling fluid's viscosity, suspension, and fluid loss capacity. As a result, there is need to formulate of high-performance water-based drilling fluids that are stable at high temperatures. This research paper investigated the thermal stability of Polyethylene-Glycol (PEG) in the formulated drilling fluid with biopolymers (Potato Peel powder, PPP) suspended in bentonitewater and buffered with eggshell nanoparticles (ESNP). The resultant samples were evaluated at normal temperature 25oC and high temperature150oC, and it was discovered that the addition of ESNP and PEG improved the drilling fluids' rheological behavior by 70.8% and 46.2%, respectively. Also, the filtration properties of the various samples were also analyzed at different concentrations and varying temperatures from 40oC to 220oC. These additives ESNP and PEG greatly slowed down the degradation of the biopolymer formulated mud up to 220 °C. This newly formulated fluid system, is stable at high temperatures, can meet the demands of high-temperature formation during drilling.
Fabrication and Potential Applications of Nanoporous Membranes for Separation Processes
(Environmental Nanotechnology Volume 5 (Springer, Cham), 2021-07-05) Agboola Oluranti; Popoola Patricia; Sadiku Rotimi; Sanni Samuel Eshorame; Babatunde Damilola Elizabeth; Ayoola Ayodeji; Abatan Olubunmi Grace
Innovative membrane processes are considered a very important segment of controllable separation processes, such as water treatment, gas separation and organic purification. One of the challenges in membrane technology is the challenge of selecting and fabricating membrane material for excellent selectivity and good permeability for selected particle sizes. The utmost operational challenge perturbing the performance of membrane technology is membrane fouling which occur as a result of insoluble materials covering the membrane surface, leading to a reduction in water quality. Other factors perturbing the performance of membrane technology are energy usage and greenhouse emission. Furthermore, the necessity to react to climate change is another major challenge for membrane technology. An excellent membrane should have high stiffness in order to withstand high pressures applied, large surface area and micro- or nanopore structures for excellent selectivity and good permeability for selected particle sizes. The transport of ions and fluid at molecular level, controlled at the nanometer-scale using membranes provide substantial capacity for high selectivity and high fluxes. The potential applications of nanoporous membranes are strongly subjected to the chemical and physical properties of a membrane material. The effective pores size, porosity, uniformity, thickness, surface chemistry and morphology also have influence on membrane separation performance. We reviewed the fabrication and potential applications of nanoporous membranes for separation processes, operational challenge, energy usage, greenhouse emission and effect of climate change. Thus, the major points, include: (1) fabrication methods of nanoporous membranes for excellent selectivity and good permeability for selected particle sizes, (2) Theoretical modeling and simulations of nanoporous membranes, (3) potential applications of nanoporous membranes, (4) the recent discovery of novel nanoporous membrane structures aimed at overcoming the challenge of fouling, (5) the challenge of energy usage, (6) addressing climate change as a contributing factor to the challenges of water treatment industry and membrane technology.
Gasific: A Python Tool for Biomass Gasification Process
(Advanced Manufacturing in Biological, Petroleum, and Nanotechnology Processing, 2022-04-04) Oladokun O.; Nyakuma B.; Luing W. S.; Oladimeji E.; Abatan O.; Ayeni A. O.; Agboola O.; Ayoola A. A.; Ojewunmi M. O.; Efeovbokhan V. E.
Biomass gasification and the production of syngas are important in the production of biohydrogen, a green fuel and an energy carrier for the fuel cell. The tool for the prediction of biohydrogen production from any biomass should be readily available to determine the viability of such biomass for gasification. The software implementing a robust gasification model is complex, proprietary, and expensive. In order to solve this problem, we developed Gasific, a software module for simple, free, and accurate biomass gasification product gas prediction. Gasific, implemented biomass gasification, stoichiometric equilibrium models, in Python and runs on a variety of platforms. We discussed the application of Gasific on biomass wastes, namely, Imperata cylindrica; the simulation shows good performance in predicting the gas composition product of gasification. The developed software and the code can be modified and applied to other scientific models and transform the models into software applications.
Influence of Organic Composite Material for Coating Application: A Review
(4th International Conference on Science and Sustainable Development (IOP Conf. Series), 2020) Adejumo O. A.; Fayomi O. S. I.
Composite materials have been used to coat products and substrates in different industries like Aerospace industry, Automobile industry;welding industry etc. The aim of this review is to describe the impacts and the effects of composite materials on coating applications in different industries. The first application mentioned was in the Aeronautic Industry, where powder (a composite material) is used to coat substrates. It has been studied and widely accepted as one of the most environmental friendly, economically beneficial and functional coating material. New types of powder coating are being developed to improve the aesthetic designs of Aeronautic and Automotive industries products. The second application was in the welding industry and its impacts on the electrode tool life was studied. The tool life is improved by 71% when TiC composite is used to coat the electrode.
Influence of synthetic carbon grade on the monomeric constitution of polyhydroxyalkanoate produced by Bacillus cereus AAR-1
(2024) Akinwumi A. R.; Nwinyi O. C.; Ayeni A. O.; Mohan S. Venkata
Three synthetic sucrose samples with varying manufacturing purity levels were selected as carbon substrates to synthesize diverse polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) using a wild-type Bacillus cereus AAR-1. Comparative analyses of the extracted biopolymers were characterized using Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H and 13C NMR), gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), CHNS/O elemental analysis, and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The biopolymers identified include Poly(3-hydroxytetradecanoate) (P3HTD), Poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-2-hydroxytetradecanoate) [P(3HB-co-2HTD)], and Poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) (P3HB). The carbon content of the biopolymers ranged from 39-53%, with no nitrogen element detected. The thermal decomposition temperature of [P(3HB-co-2HTD)] was 279 °C, surpassing the corresponding values for the other two biopolymers. Notably, the homopolymer P3HTD exhibited an increased melting temperature of 172.4 °C and a reduced crystallinity percentage (Xc %= 20%), crucial properties for bioplastics and medical sector applications. The results suggest that different carbon purity grades influenced homopolymer accumulated in Bacillus cereus AAR-1.
Microbial desalination cell technique - A review
(South African Journal of Chemical Engineering (Elsevier), 2023) Odunlami Olayemi A.; Vershima Denen A.; Tagbo Chukwudi V.; Ogunlade Stephen; Nkongho Sonia
Saltwater desalination has become a highly demanded technique for the production of clean water. As a result of the growing population of the world, the demand for healthy water for consumption and other human activities has grown, over the years. Some Industries also require water for some of their operational processes. Two major types of desalination techniques exist and they include thermal desalination and membrane desalination. Several methods have been employed to control the salt content of water, and they include Reverse Osmosis (RO), Electro-Dialysis (ED), Membrane Distillation (MO), Multi-Stage Flash (MSF) process, Multi-Effect Distillation (MED), and vapor-compression distillation (VC). Microbial fuel cell (MFC) technology is a new way to treat wastewater and it serves the purpose of power generation. It involves the use of microorganisms in the anodic chamber of a fuel cell to break down matter, thus releasing electrons to the anode that goes to the cathode (in the cathodic department). This creates a potential difference across the electric circuit. Microbial desalination cell (MDC) technology utilizes this method to remove salt from saltwater and generate electricity. It comprises three compartments, namely: anodic chamber, desalination chamber, and cathodic chamber. This study focused on MDCs and their various configurations of it. It also identified various ways to advance the technology. MDCs are excellent in salt removal from saltwater and electricity generation and can be scaled up for large-scale industrial processes.
Modelling and simulation of the volume flow of NH3, K2CO3 and for the Carbon dioxide absorption from coal
(2021) Nkhwashu M. I.; Moropeng M. L.; Agboola O.; Mavhungu A.,; Moropeng R. C.; Fayomi O. S. I.
Overview on Advancement of Sustainable Heterogeneous Catalysts for the Production of Biodiesel
(Bioenergy and Biochemical Processing Technologies, 2022-07) Efeovbokhan Vincent; Makinwa Tolu; Agboola Oluranti; Oladokun Olagoke
Biodiesel has comparable properties to diesel fuel; hence, it becomes a promising substitute to diesel fuel. The development of exceedingly effective biocatalyst is a key prerequisite for the production of biofuels, most especially biodiesel. Heterogeneous catalysts are regarded to be very prospective for transesterification process in biodiesel production owing to their numerous advantages, which include separation of catalyst from reaction mixture with ease, separation from reaction mixture with ease, regeneration, decreased corrosion, decreased cost and environmental friendliness. Heterogeneous catalysts can substitute homogeneous catalysts in situations that limit their efficiency. Hence, synthesized sustainable catalysts are required for increasing process performance, reduction in energy cost and production of cleaner products like ultralow sulphur biodiesel. Here, we gave a brief review on the advancement in sustainable heterogeneous catalysts for biodiesel production.
Performance of mixed matrix nanofiltration membranes in wastewater treatment: A review
(International Conference on Engineering for Sustainable World (IOP Publishing), 2021) Agboola O.; Fayomi O.S.I.; Oni B.A.; Ayeni A.O.; Sadiku E.R.; Popoola A.P.I.; Moropeng I.; Adegbola S.T.; Daramola D.
Water covered close to 70% of the Earth’s surface; however, it is a struggle to access 3% of it as freshwater, suitable for human intake. The shortage of water has become a global issue due to climate change, pollution and the demand of growing freshwater. The fabrication of high performance and antifouling nanofiltration membranes are of utmost importance as a result of their capability of treating contaminated water and to also regulate the quality of freshwater. However, there is need for improvement in the fabrication of membrane using different nanofillers to produce mixed matrix membranes (MMMs). Mixed matrix nanofiltration membranes with nanofillers were reviewed for different applications