Department of Political Science and International Relations

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2011 POST-ELECTORAL VIOLENCE IN NIGERIA: LESSON FOR 2015 GENERAL ELECTION
(American International Journal of Research in Humanities, Arts and Social Sciences, 2013) Osimen Goddy U.; OLOGUNOWA CHRISTOPHER SUNDAY
Nigeria is a heterogeneous country with diverse and overlapping religious and ethnic divisions. Nigerian culture is as diverse as its population, which is estimated to be around 150 million. With the regaining of political process in 1999 after over thirty (30) years of military rule, Nigeria looked set for a return to stability and the regaining of its position in the commity of nations particularly in Africa. Wrongly so, this was not to be. Since the 1999 to the 2011 General elections, the Nigeria electoral and political landscape has fallen from par to below par and has moved from violence to greater violence. The level and magnitude of electoral and political violence has risen and the political elites have often converted poverty ridden unemployed Nigerian youths into readymade machinery for the perpetration of electoral violence. This is linked to the political system and institution that in theory has failed to political participation and in practice has seen the political elites forming bulk of the sponsors and perpetrators of electoral violence. This paper therefore, painstakingly analyzed the electoral malpractices and fraud that have characterized elections in Nigeria since 1960 till 2011 general elections in chronological order. In the final analysis, it was discovered that virtually all the electoral malpractices and fraud associated with elections including violence and crises are carried out by youths, who are paid and hired by politicians as party thugs to threatened the electorate and thereby disrupts the smooth democratic process. Necessary recommendations were given to promote and sustain credible, free and fair elections in Nigeria.
A Systematic Review of Commercialization of Public Enterprises in Global North and South
(Covenant University Journal of Politics & International Affairs, 2023) Okeke Ngozi Okwuchukwu; Gberevbie Daniel E.
Commercialisation is a deliberate government strategy that aims to increase economic development and efficiency by lowering government involvement and expanding the range of activities performed by the private sector through the transmission of government-owned assets to private ownership, and promoting the participation of private stratum in public activity. This study therefore aims to analyse the introduction of commercialisation in countries both in the global north and global south. This study also aims to unravel the merits and demerits of commercialisation as well as the factors that led to the success or failure of the commercialisation process in the countries listed. The study engaged secondary data while it adopted the liberal theory and a descriptive survey research design. For this study, secondary data were collected from published works, academic journals, books, reports, and online materials. Findings revealed that following the ostensibly successful commercialisation programme in Britain, the commercialisation of public businesses has emerged as a key policy tool in countries both in global south and global north. This study concludes generally, that the commercialisation policy itself is not a terrible notion, but that the issue is more with its implementation and the practical effects it has on the country's economic independence
A Threat to Sustainable HealthCare Services? Examining the Effect of Structural Violence on the Policy Outcomes of Lagos State Health Insurance Scheme among Enrolled Junior Officers in the Lagos State Ministry of Works and Infrastructure
(Pakistan Journal of Life and Social Sciences 22(2), 2024-01) Dele‐Dada Moyosoluwa; Gberevbie Daniel E.; Olu-Owolabi Fadeke Esther; Atobatele Abolaji
An Assessment of Corruption in the Public Sector in Nigeria: A Study of Akure South Local Government Area, Ondo State
(Canadian Social Science Vol. 9, No. 5,, 2013) Osimen Goddy U.; Adenegan Taiwo Samuel; Balogun Akinyemi
Issue of corruption in Nigeria has been a major concern to all and sundry in the society. The upsurge of this social menace in Nigeria in recent times is disturbing and it seems the menace has defied all kinds of treatment and the damage it has caused to national life cannot be quantified. The objective of this paper therefore, is to examine and assess corruption in the public sector in Nigeria with particular reference to Akure South Local Government Area of Ondo State. It has generated data based on questionnaires, on the public perception and level of corruption in the study area. The questionnaire and the groups tested were segmented. However, it was observed that many factors such as; lack of transparency, moral laxity, weak government institutions, unemployment and poverty etc were significant factors stimulating corruption in Nigeria. By this result, it means that proactive measures must be shaped towards eradicating corruption in Nigeria. This paper recommends, among others, that government should strengthen the institutions established to fight corruption
An assessment of the impacts of community development initiatives in Awgbu Town in Anambra State, Nigeria
(Research Journal in Advanced Humanities, 2024) Chukwudi Ekene Celestina; Owoh Emeka Emmanuel
This research evaluates how the Awgbu community has contributed to the general development of Anambra State, how it has benefited from state government efforts, and how it has responded to demands and initiatives from the government between 2015 and 2023. Community Development (CD), Social Capital, and the Diffusion of Innovations theories are the underpinning theoretical framework of analysis used for the study. The research design used in this paper was a descriptive survey, with data collected from primary and secondary sources. Since the study was intended for the entire population of Awgbu town, Slovin’s sample determination formula and the purposive random sampling technique were employed. Specifically, a sample size of 400 respondents was targeted, and 286 returned questionnaires were used for data analysis. The gathered data were displayed on the Logical Data Framework (LDF) and subjected to a quantitative statistical data analysis technique that involved weighted mean and frequency tables. The results show that the Awgbu community has significantly influenced Anambra State’s growth. Through its participation in the Choose Your Project Initiative (CYPI), the community has actively reacted to requests from the government. Nonetheless, the research discovers that, among other things, inadequate money, oversight, and leadership crises impede the community’s advancement.
An Examination of the Oputa Panel as the Vehicle for Victim-centred Justice in Nigeria
(African Renaissance Vol. 2022, No. si1, 2022-04-01) Ifaloye Oluwatosin R.; Folarin Sheriff F.; Duruji M. M.
Truth Commissions seek to address issues of human rights violations that occurred during conflict or political violence. The Human Rights Investigation Commission (Oputa Panel) led the transitional justice process in Nigeria after it had transitioned from military rule to democratic rule in 1999. Like other Commissions of its kind, it expressed claims that the truth-seeking process would benefit the victims of human rights violations. This study examined the Commission and its contribution towards meeting the needs of those most affected by human rights violations during military rule. The study sought to evaluate the success or otherwise of this Commission's operations by focusing on the extent to which victims benefitted from the process. The case study research design was adopted, and in-depth semi-structured interviews were used to elicit responses from relevant stakeholders among the population of the study. The study is qualitative in nature and data gathered were analysed textually and arranged, using themes relevant to the subject matter. This study found that the Oputa Panel was not an effective instrument of victim-centred justice primarily because the reliefs victims received were largely limited. The participation of victims in the process did not translate into compensation or other forms of empowerment for victims. The study recommended that there must be a demonstration of the political will to implement the recommendations of truth commissions established in Africa. The victim-centred approach investigated here offers useful insights into the challenges faced by victims of human rights violations experienced in post-military regimes in Africa.
An Unnecessary War of Fame: The East and West NATO’s Enlargement Strategies and the Geopolitics of Russo- Ukrainian Conflict
(International Journal of Research in Humanities and Social Studies Volume 9, Issue 4, 2022) Osimen Goddy U.; Ade-Ibijola Aderemi Opeyemi
Russian invasion of Ukraine is one of the most critical geopolitical crises the world leaders are facing currently. And is being seen as one of the most serious test of European security in the recent time, and its presents a serious challenge as to understanding of President Putin‟s geopolitical intentions while, these grievances included the long-simmering dispute over the expansion of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) and the legitimacy of Ukrainian identity as well as their statehood. It reflected a worldview Putin had long expressed, emphasizing the deep-seated unity among the Eastern Slavs-Russians and Ukrainians who they both trace their origins to the medieval KyivanRus commonwealth-and suggesting that the modern states of Russia and Ukraine should share a common political destiny now and in the future. Owing to that view is the claim that distinct Ukrainian identity is the product of foreign manipulation mostly, by Russia‟s acclaimed imperial rivals; using Ukraine as part of an “anti-Russia project. Consequently, the paper revealed that NATO is not only Russia‟s problem but, Russia‟s ambitions to extend beyond preventing Ukrainian NATO membership and encompass a more detailed aspiration to dominate Ukraine politically, militarily, and economically triggered the current conflict in Ukraine. The paper further revealed that Russia is almost certain to flop in its bid to establish lasting control over its neighbors owing to external factors, mostly the West and the nonconformist nature of Ukraine government. Therefore, concludes that if Russia must feel fully secure with regard to Ukraine, Ukraine must be territorially truncated or geopolitically neutralized by Russia. Then, if neutralization is not feasible as a strategy, Russia must renewed stability, though, this option would largely depend either on the West agreeing in renewed Russian control of Ukraine, or on Russia accepting the loss of Ukraine. It is most likely that a non-cooperative result will emerge at the end of the day, in which Russia may limit its military activity, but will continue to ensure that Ukraine cannot do what is desired to achieve or join Europe-west- NATO world.
Appraisement of glocalisation in the context of Nigeria’s foreign policy: A concentric approach
(Cogent Arts & Humanities Volume 11, 2024 - Issue 1, 2024) Folorunso Gideon Ibukuntomiwa; Duruji Moses M.; Chidozie Felix C.
This paper examines the nexus between Nigeria’s foreign policy and glocalisation. Glocalisation is an emerging concept in foreign policy discourse, with the sole intent of forging a synergy between globalisation, global governance, and local relations, hinging on domestic peculiarities. As it were, foreign policy has largely projected the interest of the ruling class and other private interests rather than the greater good regardless of the gains for the ruling elites, as posited by Jeremy Bentham. The concentric model was the theoretical framework used by the study to explain the levels of relation from the core to the periphery, a globalised foreign policy to a glocalised foreign policy. Qualitative research methods were adopted for this study, using secondary sources of data collection, and textual analysis. While little or no attention has been paid to glocalisation efforts in foreign policy discourse in Africa, it has been on the table of discussion for the western world, notwithstanding the current level of development occasioned by diplomatic relations worldwide. Progressively, within foreign policy discourses, the need to glocalise foreign policy cannot be overemphasised, as it marks the beginning of real polity as explained by Aristotle, as against simply focusing on the localisation of globalisation.
Armed Banditry and Mass School Abductions in Northern Nigeria: Implications for National Security
(Canadian Social Science Vol. 18, No. 4, 2022) Osimen Goddy U.; Daudu Basil Osayin
Security threats in Nigeria, due to activities of armed bandits/extremist such as kidnapping school children for ransom is one of the major prevalent insecurity issues that threaten to collapse government structures in the country. Nigeria is currently groaning under the yoke of the jihadist/Islamic movement, secessionist’s movement and all manners of criminalities. The recent spate of abductions and mass kidnapping of school children represents one of the existential threats to the future of education in northern Nigeria. The problems have provoked serious concerns across the nation, has called for urgent and holistic resolution. It has continued to be precarious, volatile and highly unpredictable, therefore creating untold fear on the people in the region; exacerbate the close down of many schools, food crisis situation, sexual molestation/slavery, and increasing wave of Internally Displaced Persons. Government’s response to the challenges has generally been ineffectual, uncoordinated and poorly executed. This paper, therefore, examines the mainstream of armed banditry, hostage taking/kidnapping in northern schools and their security threats to Nigeria. This paper anchored on “Failed state theory” and data were sourced through secondary means and analyzed qualitatively. The paper revealed that lack of education, mass illiteracy and lack of employment opportunities are among the root causes of the criminalities, banditry, and terrorism in northern Nigeria. Hence, government cannot be passive about this security challenge. It is obviously clear that government has failed in her duty to provide basic needs and has also failed to defend and protect her people. Therefore, government should address the root causes of insecurity in the northern Nigeria including overhauling the security architecture system among other policies geared towards eliminating structural imbalance in the region.
Artificial intelligence and arms control in modern warfare
(Cogent Social Sciences (Taylor & Francis), 2024-09) Osimen Goddy U.; Newo Oluwamurewa; Fulani Oluwakemi Morola
This work assesses the impact of artificial intelligence (AI) on modern warfare. AI has led to a new arms race, which has impacted military dynamics among the superpowers in the 21st century. The study aims to evaluate the propagation of AI-powered weapons from the vantage point of ethics, international humanitarian law, and arms control. Secondary data is engaged for this study, and the exploratory and descriptive research design is adopted alongside a thematic analysis for data synthesis. The theories of technological determinism and consequentialism are adopted to observe the effects of technological advancement on weaponry alongside the ethical consequences of these weapons to safeguard human rights in combat scenarios. The study discovered that AI has led to a new arms race among the superpowers, and there is a need to advocate for arms control measures to promote international peace and security. The intersection between AI and arms proliferation, as well as how it has affected peace and security dynamics, was also detailed. The work concludes by reasserting the need for substantive international humanitarian laws and arms control efforts for lethal and autonomous weapons.
Artificial Intelligence Politicking and Human Rights Violations in UK’s Democracy: A Critical Appraisal of the Brexit Referendum
(2021-01) Wogu Ikedinachi Ayodele Power; Misra Sanjay; Udoh Oluwakemi D.; Agoha Benedict Chico
Following the testimonies of Shaimaire Sanni about the negative wanton use of artificial intelligence (AI) politicking approaches by the Vote-leave group during the 2016 Brexit referendum, the decision by Great Britain (GB) to leave the European Union (EU) had stirred up heated controversies about what would have really been the outcome of the Brexit deal if the Vote-leave group had not cheated with AI politicking systems. Hence, the act of cheating via this platform and the violation of Brexit spending regulations, human rights activists (HRA) like Sanni and Wylie believed, delegitimize the results of the votes obtained for Brexit and for UK’s institutions of democracy. Others argue that the allegations raised against the Brexit referendum process justify the agitations for a second Brexit referendum by a section of UK citizens. The Marxian alienation theory and Derrida’s critical and analytical method for evaluating qualitative data and arguments gathered on the subject matter of the paper were adopted, with the view to ascertaining the degree of AI politicking approaches that altered the results of UK’s Brexit referendum. Marilyn’s ex-post facto research method was also utilized for interrogating the integrity of UK’s democracy in the light of the allegations raised against it. The study observed that most of the allegations raised against UK’s Brexit referendum process had merits to their claims, thus justifying their request for a fresh referendum. A positive implementation of AI politicking methods from ethical perspectives was recommended against the current reckless methods adopted by political campaigners.
Artificial Intelligence, Fintech, and Financial Inclusion in African Digital Space
(FinTech and Financial Inclusion, 2025) Daudu Basil Osayin; Osimen Goddy U.; Abubakar Abdulrasheed Toyin
The importance of the economy of a nation cannot be over-emphasized, as its technological progress is largely dependent on economic stability. The adoption of 21st-century technology, especially in financial technology, has strengthened the economic sector consisting of artificial intelligence (AI) applications and innovations such as blockchain, virtual cards, mobile payments, smart contracts, and robotic processes. These AI innovations have reshaped commerce by greatly transforming financial transactions among businesses, consumers, and individuals. The African digital sphere is enriched with fintech-driven economic activities enabling financial inclusion, making products and services available and affordable to everyone. Notwithstanding, the presence of cybercriminal activities has become a serious threat to the growth of fintech and financial inclusion across Africa. With a qualitative approach, this chapter examines the extent of economic progress in the adoption of fintech and financial inclusion in Africa and their impact on the continent alongside pragmatic means of mitigating cyber threats. This chapter, therefore, positions AI as a facilitator and problem-solving tool in advancing fintech and financial inclusion within the African digital sphere.
Artisanal petroleum refining and health security in Rivers State, Nigeria
(Heritage and Sustainable Development Vol. 6, No. 2, 2024-10) Oladoyin Anthony Mayowa; Pokubo Ibiso Esther; Osimen Goddy U.
This study investigated the ramifications of artisanal petroleum refining on public health security within the locales of Degema, Ogu-bolo, and Opobo local government areas. Its primary objective was to investigate the relationship between artisanal petroleum refining and health security in Rivers State. A cross-sectional survey research design was employed. Both primary and secondary data were used in the analysis of data. Primary data were sourced through a structured questionnaire. Secondary data were also drawn from scholarly literature sources, including internet materials and national publications. From the estimated population of 686,900, the sample size was determined using the sample size formula for proportion estimation which resulted in 384 respondents. Additionally, a total of 9 healthcare professionals within the study area were interviewed. A total of 295 respondents was covered for analysis, based on the response rate of the usable questionnaire received. A total of 202 (68.4%) respondents affirmed that they experience health challenges as a result of exposure to residues from illegal petroleum refining in the study areas. The data obtained were subjected to Pearson correlation and one-way analysis of variance using SPSS software to test the correlation. The test of correlation on the relationship between illegal petroleum refining (-.439) and health security (1) in Rivers State, indicated a moderate negative correlation, which is significant at 0.01 level (2-tailed). In order words, there is an inverse relationship between health security and illegal petroleum refining; which means that health security decreases as illegal petroleum refining increases. The incidence of illegal petroleum refining undoubtedly presents considerable hazards to public health security. This challenge can be mitigated by the assimilation of the knowledge and expertise of the illegal refiners into a comprehensive technology that the country can harness for starting up a national program of safe petroleum refining in Nigeria.
Assessing the effect of international migration on the livelihood of the Bini people of Edo State, Nigeria
(International Journal of Innovative Research and Scientific Studies, 8(1), 2025) Braimah Ehiagwina Sunday; Gberevbie Daniel E.; Chidozie Felix C.; Osimen Goddy U.
This study investigates the impact of international migration on the Bini people of Edo State, Nigeria who are renowned for their rich cultural heritage, arts and historical migration patterns. The primary objective is assessing how international migration affects their economic and social life. This study posits that migration is primarily motivated by the search for better employment opportunities with individuals making well-considered decisions to enhance their economic prospects using neoclassical theory. Furthermore, the new economic migration theory is applied to examine the broader impacts of migration on the Bini community’s lifestyle in Edo South. Data for this research were gathered through focused group interviews and structured questionnaires. A linear regression analysis was conducted to assess the role of remittances in the community’s economic dynamics. The analysis indicates that remittances are crucial in shaping the Bini people’s economic activities. It also suggests that these remittances should be strategically invested in business ventures to maximise the benefits. This study concludes that international migration plays a significant role in improving the livelihood of the Bini people enhancing their economic stability and growth. The findings highlight the need to channel remittances effectively into productive investments to benefit the community. The Bini people can better leverage the economic advantages provided by international migration leading to sustained community development and economic resilience by strategically investing in business ventures.
BARRIERS TO INCLUSIVE EDUCATION IN FEDERAL CAPITAL TERRITORY PRIMARY SCHOOLS, NIGERIA
(9th International Conference on Education & Education of Social Sciences 17-18 January 2022- Online, 2022-01) Kusimo Abigail Olamide; Duruji M. M.; Oni Samuel
The diversity and unique contribution of persons living with disabilities in the general classroom is one of the major drive for inclusive education. Inclusive education helps persons living with disability find a place of acceptance in the society. Education is vital to the development of every individual in society despite their age, race, tribe, ability and disability. Education is a basic human right which every individual should access. The purpose of education is to acquire skills, information and knowledge. Inclusion is pivotal for the development of the society. The emergence of the concept of inclusive education has captured the attention of international and local stakeholders in education. This paper examines and discusses the barriers affecting persons living with disability in Federal Capital Territory primary schools, Nigeria. Irrespective of the importance attached to inclusive education, there are barriers that still limit the successful adoption and implementation of inclusive education. It is for this reason that this paper seeks to analyse some of these barriers. Using a secondary source of data, this paper critically analyses some issues such as inadequate infrastructure, inexperience special educators, societal discrimination, lack of access to public funding that affects implementing inclusive education in Federal Capital Territory primary schools. This paper also discusses the various barriers to inclusive education and its effect on persons living with disability as they lack basic resources to access the society. This paper concludes by proffering solutions to barriers affecting implementation of inclusive education in Federal Capital Territory primary schools, Nigeria.
Beijing Declaration and Women’s Property Rights in Nigeria
(European Scientific Journal (ResearchGate), 2014) Folarin Sheriff F.; Udoh Oluwakemi D.
In Nigeria, women have suffered various forms of discrimination and oppression during property sharing, especially in terms of land for economic purposes and other physical assets. The challenge has been that, in patriarchal societies, like Nigeria, women are regarded as subservient to men and are never considered in property sharing. Rather, the woman is often regarded as part of the property to be shared especially during the loss of her spouse. Most disturbing is that, though statutory law and international laws have affirmed women’s rights to land and other property, women are often denied access and ownership to property due to unfavorable customary practices. This paper examines women’s property rights in Nigeria. In doing so, it looks critically into Nigeria’s compliance with the 1995 Beijing Platform of Action. It also identifies some factors such as customary and statutory laws as responsible for the discrimination of women vis-à-vis their rights to property and inheritance. In addition to these, it concludes that, the 1995 Beijing Declaration is yet to be fully integrated and domesticated in the national legislations that protect women and their rights to property. In carrying out this research, secondary sources were consulted. Recommendations were made bordering on equality between men and women and gender-sensitivity in legal institutions.
Between Security and Environmental Change: A Theoretical Exploration of the Linkage
(Migration Letters Volume: 20, No: S8, 2023) Osimen Goddy U.; Ayankoya Abimbola Rachel; Udoh Oluwakemi D.
Objective: The aim of this study is to reveal the symbiotic relationship between environmental change and the hazards it poses to people, nation-states, and society, and to put environmental security studies squarely on the minds of security scholars and practitioners everywhere. The study concluded that environmental security is not only a worthwhile area of study in and of itself but also has much to offer security studies in general. Method: The study adopted a theoretical exploration of the linkage between security and environmental change. Result: Environmental security studies research has an impact on the nature of threats, the status of security, the execution of security, and strategies for undoing crisis politics, in addition to the ethics of security and privatization. The risks that people face depend not just on the physical changes in their environment, but also on how dependent they are on it for survival and how well they can adapt to these changes. Conclusion: Therefore, societal factors of insecurity like conflict, corruption, trade dependence, and liberalization of the economy have an impact on how sensitive and adaptable people are to environmental changes.
Blockchain Framework for Securing E-Learning System
(International Journal of Advanced Trends in Computer Science and Engineering, 2020-06) Ubaka-Okoye Millicent N.; Azeta Ambrose A.; Oni Aderonke A.; Okagbue Hilary I.; Nicholas-Omoregbe Olanike S; Chidozie Felix C.
This paper recommends a blockchain framework that secures the e-learning platform. The proposed framework was used to build a widely manageable and safe data delivery facility that will connect to existing educational data. Institutions can simply have amassed their data history without demanding a copy from central servers. The proposed blockchain framework enhances data security and removes trust concerns amongst users or between third-party institutions accessing applications and services. Data distribution can be used with smart contracts to warranty that institutions will continue to be in control of their data entrance, are alert of the source of collected data sources, and are up-to-date when their data is log on by others. Immutable audit logs are generated through data source and contact history to keep institutions informed of the time their data are retrieved. Blockchain has the potential that could provide a system with massive openness, online secure database that e-learning platforms needed. The blockchain can be implemented on different learning platforms based on the information security policies of the institutions.
Bolstering the Impact of Town Unions’ Administration and Community Development Initiatives in Igboland: A Study of APU in the Awgbu Community of Anambra State, Nigeria
(African Renaissance Vol. 21, No. 1, 2024-03-01) Chukwudi Ekene Celestina; Owoh Emeka Emmanuel
In Nigeria, communities have suffered neglect by the government, resulting in their united efforts to develop through self-help. This research focuses primarily on the Awgbu Progress Union (APU) in the Orumba North Local Government Area of Anambra State, Nigeria. The study aims to evaluate the impacts of town unions on community development activities. The purpose of the study is to comprehend how town unions affect the general growth of a community and neighbourhood. Three research questions and hypotheses were developed to guide this study. The Community-Action Model by Paulo Freire in 1973 was employed as the theoretical framework of analysis. This study adopted a survey research design; thus, the purposive method of sampling technique was used in determining the population size while the sample size of the study was 200. Data were generated via primary and secondary sources i.e. questionnaire was the major instrument used. The questionnaire was designed using a four-point Likert scale method. From the distributed questionnaires, 120 respondents correctly completed and returned their questionnaires. The data analysis was done using a frequency distribution table, simple percentages, and weighted mean. The study finds out that APU has played significant roles in promoting community development initiatives in Awgbu town and that they face many challenges which recommendations were made to address as; there is a need for the town union to establish proper participation, collaboration, communication link with the community and government, peaceful dialogue, provision of adequate infrastructures, seeking various means of sourcing fund among others.
Border Security Management and ECOWAS Protocol on Free Movement in West Africa
(Canadian Social Science Vol. 18, No. 1,, 2022) Agbebaku Philip E.; Osimen Goddy U.
Prior to the enactment of the ECOWAS Protocol on free movement, people move from one location to another, there was little or no regards for the artificial borders created by the colonial powers. The vision of the ECOWAS is to create a borderless region where the population will have access to the abundant resources and, able to exploit same through the creation of opportunities under a sustainable environment. Nevertheless, the unrestricted free movement of people in the sub-region resulted to situation of tension among citizens of the receiving country and migrants especially in places where migrants dominate trade and labour. The regimes that are rather weak can become destabilized under such tensions thereby resulting to free flow of criminalities. The challenges of the Protocol have not helped the security landscape of the sub-region even though ECOWAS prides itself as the first region in Africa with the free movement initiative, the Protocol is poorly implemented constituting more security concern than boosting regional trade and economic development. Despite these challenges and threats posed by border insecurity, there is a lack of a common approach in terms of policy formulation, especially from the direction of the government. Therefore, it is on this note the paper seeks to examine these overlapping issues and hold attempts to provide a possible solution in resolving them. Data were obtained using secondary sources and the data were analyzed qualitatively. The paper observed that the prospect of achieving effective border security was truncated due to unrestricted free movement of people and improper implementation of ECOWAS protocol in the sub-region. This uncontrolled and unmanaged border has resulted to infiltration of terrorists/insurgency, loss of government revenue, smuggling or trafficking of illegal goods among others. The paper further revealed that the issue of corruption, poor technological gadgets, and porous nature of the borders among others serve as strong challenge to effective border management in the region. Therefore called for a Paradigm Shift in achieving effective border management to include adequate provision of funds, use of modern technological gadgets, adequate training of security personnel, strengthening of Multinational Joint Task Force among others.