Department of Political Science and International Relations

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    Climate Change Education in West Africa: Prospects and Problems
    (Practices, Perceptions and Prospects for Climate Change Education in Africa, 2025) Akpabio Edidiong Samuel; Akeju Kemi Funlayo; Duruji M. M.
    In recent years, the challenges of climate change have accentuated with human factors playing a significant role in its sustenance and spread. This climatic instability which has affected the socio-political dynamics of nations in West Africa come along with threats of political instability. It is due to these myriads of unpalat-able experiences that global agencies and policymakers have advocated the impera-tive to engage climate change education as a remediation tool for the rising challenges of climate change in the sub-continent. It is however important to sound a caveat that as beneficial as climate change education (CCE) can be when adopted, it is laden with prospects and problems for implementation. This represents the motivation for this study which examines the prospects and problems of adopting climate change education in West Africa. In a bid to actualize this quest, we explored the frameworks for climate change education in Africa and engaged in a cross-continental appraisal of climate change education across the globe. This allowed us to identify strategies that can be adopted and replicated in West-Africa while unearthing loopholes to be plugged. The chapter adopted a qualitative research methodology and utilized secondary sources of information among other sources to interrogate the embedded issues in the discourse. The findings suggest that the West Africa region can defeat climate change by enhancing capacities in the area of climate education and ensuring that CCE is made a compulsory subject to be taught in all schools. It was observed that although some schools particularly at the tertiary level teach climate change, much emphasis is always on the scientific dimensions to the neglect of political, social and economic components. This indicated that beyond educating the populace on climate change, emphasis should also be on the approaches or methodologies adopted.
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    The Anchor Borrowers' Programme and Its Influence on Rice Farming Dynamics in Ebonyi State, Nigeria
    (Sustainable Agricultural Practices: Economic and Environmental Implications, 2024) Chima Obinna S.; Gberevbie Daniel E.; Duruji M. M.; Abasilim Ugochukwu D.
    This study examines the improvement of rice production in Nigeria through the government’s policy of the Anchor Borrowers’ Programme (ABP). Rationalized by the production theory, the study utilizes quantitative methods such as surveys. The study investigates the influence of ABP on rice production, with particular emphasis on the experiences of smallholder rice farmers in Ebonyi State, Nigeria. The study employed a cross-sectional survey research approach, and the target population comprised smallholder rice farmers in the state who have benefitted from ABP. The study obtained a representative sample of 400 respondents through stratified random sampling. The study adopts the administration of a structured questionnaire with rice farmers in Ebonyi State, Nigeria, as the primary data collection method. Regression was used to test the hypotheses in SPSS version 23. From the findings, the study reveals the need for the ABP, banks and other lending agencies/programmes to train farmers. It shows that modern farming contributes to rice production in Ebonyi State.
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    Manufacturing, Consumption, and the Recycling of Nature-Resistant Materials and Environmental Sustainability of Lagos, Nigeria
    (Informal Manufacturing and Environmental Sustainability, 2024-12-02) Duruji M. M.; Asagba Omolola Silva
    The chapter's scope focuses on examining the manufacturing and consumption practices of plastic-related materials, which are nature-resistant and do not decompose quickly, and the efforts of formal institutions to encourage the recycling of these materials for the environmental sustainability of the metropolis. The chapter examined how effective recycling policies have been in enabling the reuse of plastics and related materials and their effects on the environment. This chapter uses the green theory as a theoretical approach to explain the relationship between man and the environment. The chapter employed a qualitative approach to research with reliance on secondary sources of data. This chapter's findings revealed that while policies are geared towards improving the recycling culture in Lagos, Nigeria, those policies needed to be adequately enacted by the government with the appropriate structure to enable them to achieve the stated objectives, thus rendering them ineffective. In this chapter, recommendation centers, amongst others, that the government of Lagos state, Nigeria, should adopt extended producer responsibility (EPR) to hold manufacturers and importers accountable for the product's life cycle and invest in quality public–private partnerships (PPPs) in recycling to ensure environmental sustainability of the metropolis.
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    Interrogating the Responses of WHO to the Outbreak of Covid-19 in Nigeria
    (Journal of Ecohumanism, 2024-03) Folorunso Gideon Ibukuntomiwa; Duruji M. M.; Chidozie Felix C.; Osimen Goddy U.
    The study introduces the World Health Organization as the apex body of global health, which is charged with the fundamental role of maintaining a healthy globe. However, outbreak of diseases has become a growing menace that the WHO has battled for decades since its inception. COVID-19 is the latest of such battles. This study employs ex post facto research design with qualitative approach. Using the textual analysis, this study interrogated the responses of the WHO with regards to the outbreak of COVID-19 in Nigeria. Some of these responses include technical aids, training aids, among other active responses. These responses, however, cannot be achieved without the role of the apex national health institution, the Nigeria Centre for Disease Control and Prevention (NCDC). The study shows that the effectiveness of NCDC in contact tracing, surveillance, intelligence gathering, partnerships and collaborations, and so forth, was paramount to the successes achieved post-pandemic. The study recommended the improvement of political, economic, and technological interventions, in a way that there is adequate preparedness for future outbreaks. Proposed the adoption of Health Systems Strengthening, and the adoption of horizontal healthcare approach, rather than the currently operational vertical healthcare approach. The study offers a holistic perspective on COVID-19 pandemic management in Nigeria, which focused points on best practices to improve preparedness for future outbreaks.
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    External Intervention in the Ethiopia- Tigray Conflict and Its Implications on Conflict Resolution and Political Stability
    (Vol. 4 No. 3-4 (2024): JCEEAS, 2024) EZUGWU Olileanya Amuche; Duruji M. M.
    The Ethiopia-Tigray conflict unleashed devastating consequences on the Horn of Africa sub-region, entailing widespread humanitarian suffering and security concerns. Through a comprehensive analysis of historical, political, and socio-economic factors, this paper investigates the impact of external intervention on either exacerbating or resolving the conflict. Drawing on primary and secondary sources, including interviews, scholarly articles, and reports, this paper examines the various forms of external intervention employed during the course of the Tigray conflict. By critically assessing the effectiveness and limitations of these interventions, we provide valuable insights into their role in shaping the trajectory of the conflict. Based on the findings, this paper concludes that external intervention in the Tigray conflict has had mixed results. While certain interventions have contributed to de-escalation and the provision of humanitarian assistance, others have inadvertently fuelled tensions and perpetuated the conflict. In light of these findings, this paper recommends prioritising diplomatic efforts that include dialogue and negotiation processes, taking into account the legitimate concerns and grievances of all parties involved.
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    COVID-19 and Digital Transformation in Nigeria's Higher Education System: Gendered Discourses
    (African Women in the Fourth Industrial Revolution, 2024) Duruji M. M.; Akpabio Edidiong Samuel; Okoro Efehi Raymond
    It is common knowledge that the coronavirus pandemic transformed the global system. This alteration occasioned by the pandemic, commonly referred to as the new normal, led to the deployment of instrumentalities by man to aid survival amid the disruptions. One segment that was seriously impacted and had to bear the brunt of mandatory lockdowns was the higher education sector in Nigeria, which was not at its optimum before the onset of the pandemic. Another reason this sector suffered this crisis was mainly due to her almost total reliance on in-person learning rather than hybrid or online systems as practiced in most developed climes. Amid this health turbulence, some higher educational institutions noticed an improved digitalization as they feared the long-term impacts of the prolonged shutdown on their academic calendar and students' cognition. Hence, they developed systems that aided them in teaching students from home. This chapter x-rayed the diverse impacts of the COVID-19 interruption on higher educational institutions in Nigeria and her students from a gender dimension while assessing the effects of digitalization embraced by these groups as a way of displaying resilience against the strange situation. Investigation revealed that the COVID-19 situation dealt a terrible blow to higher education students in Nigeria, especially to the female gender, but was salvaged to a very significant extent through e-teaching and learning. The chapter recommends that these institutions intensify efforts in consolidating ICT as it is the way to go and can save this vital sector from collapse if faced with disruptions. The chapter was qualitatively driven and utilizes secondary data from book chapters, journal articles, conference papers, policy briefs, and monographs, among others, to evaluate the itemized issues and actualize its objectives.
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    Climate Change-Induced Migration and Farmers-Herders Conflict in Nigeria
    (Global Challenges for the Environment and Climate Change, 2024) Duruji M. M.; Bella Faith
    Climate change-induced migration and the ensuing conflict between farmers and herders have become increasingly prevalent in Nigeria, posing significant challenges to rural livelihoods and national stability. This paper explores the intricate relationship between climate change, migration patterns, and the escalation of tensions between farming and herding communities. Drawing on empirical evidence and scholarly research, it examines the drivers behind these phenomena, including environmental degradation, resource scarcity, and socioeconomic disparities. Furthermore, the paper analyzes the socio-political implications of such conflicts, highlighting their impacts on food security, displacement, and communal harmony. Policy recommendations are proposed to address the complex interplay of factors contributing to this issue, aiming to foster sustainable adaptation strategies, mitigate conflict risks, and promote resilience among affected communities.
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    An Examination of the Oputa Panel as the Vehicle for Victim-centred Justice in Nigeria
    (African Renaissance Vol. 2022, No. si1, 2022-04-01) Ifaloye Oluwatosin R.; Folarin Sheriff F.; Duruji M. M.
    Truth Commissions seek to address issues of human rights violations that occurred during conflict or political violence. The Human Rights Investigation Commission (Oputa Panel) led the transitional justice process in Nigeria after it had transitioned from military rule to democratic rule in 1999. Like other Commissions of its kind, it expressed claims that the truth-seeking process would benefit the victims of human rights violations. This study examined the Commission and its contribution towards meeting the needs of those most affected by human rights violations during military rule. The study sought to evaluate the success or otherwise of this Commission's operations by focusing on the extent to which victims benefitted from the process. The case study research design was adopted, and in-depth semi-structured interviews were used to elicit responses from relevant stakeholders among the population of the study. The study is qualitative in nature and data gathered were analysed textually and arranged, using themes relevant to the subject matter. This study found that the Oputa Panel was not an effective instrument of victim-centred justice primarily because the reliefs victims received were largely limited. The participation of victims in the process did not translate into compensation or other forms of empowerment for victims. The study recommended that there must be a demonstration of the political will to implement the recommendations of truth commissions established in Africa. The victim-centred approach investigated here offers useful insights into the challenges faced by victims of human rights violations experienced in post-military regimes in Africa.
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    Gender Social Norms Among Internal Migrant Communities in South-West Nigeria
    (Journal of Ecohumanism Volume: 3, No: 7, 2024) Silva Asagba Omolola; Duruji M. M.; Chidozie Felix C.; Osimen Goddy U.
    This study delves into the complex relationship between migration, gender social norms, and child marriage within internal migrant communities in Southwest Nigeria. Existing research has demonstrated that the dynamics of child marriage and migration are intricately interwoven and contingent upon specific contextual factors. This relationship is further nuanced by the dual pressures of conflict and forced displacement, which can exert both upward and downward influences on child marriage practices. Drawing from the prevalence of child marriage across multiple boards, specific normative factors were identified, such as a girl's chastity as a means to preserve family honour, a preference for male education and opportunities, the perception of girls as a financial burden leading to early marriage, and the societal view of girls primarily in roles as wives and mothers. These norms constrain girls' participation in decision-making processes and reinforce their subservient roles. The intersecting impact of these social norms on poverty and prolonged insecurity contributes to the perpetuation of child marriage. Insights from studies on legalities surrounding the permissible age for marriage underscore the significant sway of societal norms in determining marriage timing. These insights provide a foundation for the development of interventions and policies promoting gender equality and safeguarding the rights of individuals affected by child marriage. Despite a growing volume of research on child marriage, there remains a research gap within humanitarian contexts, particularly migration. This study seeks to address this gap by exploring the complex interplay between migration, gender, and social norms in shaping child marriage practices, specifically within the Nigerian context.
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    Leadership Deficit and the Monday Sit- at-Home in Southeast Region of Nigeria
    (Special Issue on Leadership and Development, 2025-03) Duruji M. M.; Ezebuilo Paul
    The Southeast region of Nigeria has been grappling with persistent socio-political challenges since the Fourth Republic dispensation started in 1999. However, one of the most enduring challenges is the enforcement of a "Monday sit-at-home" order, initially issued by the Indigenous People of Biafra (IPOB) as a form of protest, but has taken a life of itself since the Federal Government of Nigeria rendered Mazi Nnamdi Kanu from Kenya and incarcerated him in Directorate of State Security dungeon in Abuja since August 2021. The phenomenon which has remained unresolved by the governments at both the region and at the centre has led to significant economic disruptions and heightened insecurity in the region. At the heart of this lingering challenge in the region, lies a critical leadership deficit, characterized by the inability of political and traditional leaders to effectively address the root causes of the unrest and provide sustainable solutions. This paper explored the multifaceted dimensions of the leadership vacuum in the Southeast and attributed the lingering crisis to such a gap. It examined how the phenomenon exacerbated the region's instability and the helplessness of the government to nip it in the bud. The paper analyzes the interplay between ineffective governance, lack of public trust, and the rise of non-state actors filled the leadership void. The paper used documented materials and textual review of the sit-at-home, policy responses, and community impacts, to explain the effect of leadership deficit in the region. The paper underscored the urgent need for robust leadership and strategic engagement of leadership with the people at the grassroot to restore normalcy and foster long-term peace and development that not only impacts positively on the region but in the country as a whole.