Department of Chemistry

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Author: search.filters.author.Sam, Edidiong Sunday

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    The Recycling of Sawdust Waste into Particleboard Using Starch- Based Modified Adhesive
    (Communication in Physical Sciences, 6(1), 2020) Umoh, Emmanuel Michael; Sam, Edidiong Sunday
    The challenges associated with the management of wastes from the cassava processing and timber industries necessitated an investigation into the possibility of implementing recycling approach to produced particle board from these wastes. Particleboards were produced from wood saw dust using various compositions of modified starch adhesives. The product obtained were evaluated for density, moisture content, hardness, flexural strength, water absorption and thickness swelling. The results obtained indicated that the density ranged from 753 to 798 kg/m3, moisture content ranged from 14.87 to 16.67 %, hardness ranged from 9.02 to 9.31 N/nm2, flexural strength ranged from 1.31 to 1.45 MPa, water absorption capacity at 24 h ranged from 1.06 to 9.31 %, thickness swelling ranged from 4.55 to 4.78%. The products were in conformity with IS 3087 (2005) and ANSI A 208.1 (1993) standards and could go for medium density particleboard.
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    Natural and anthropogenic biomarkers in recent dated sediment cores from Refome Lake, SE Nigeria: environmental implications
    (Environ Earth Sci, 2016) Oyo-Ita, Orok Esu; Oyo-Ita, Inyang Okon; Sam, Edidiong Sunday; Ikip, Ekpo Offem; Ugim, Ugim Samuel
    Natural and anthropogenic biomarkers characteristics of two recent sediment cores collected toward the shoreline and center of Refome Lake (RS and RC; 30 cm long), southeastern Nigeria, were investigated in order to reconstruct past environmental conditions and asses humans-induced changes on the local ecosystem over the last century. Results from sediment bulk properties such as total organic carbon (TOC; 0.12–0.54%; mean— 0.26 ± 0.9%), total nitrogen (TN; 0.01–0.05%; mean— 0.03 ± 0.7%) and total inorganic carbon (TIC; 0.03–0.37%; mean—0.14 ± 1.0%) contents as well as TOC/TN (5–25; mean—11.55 ± 1.4) suggested slightly higher contribution from allochthonous over autochthonous organic matter (OM), lowered by low primary production and the characteristic Niger Delta sheltered basin morphology predominated by sandy lithology. Evaluation of molecular proxies such as carbon preference index (CPI(C24–C35); 1.23–1.74: mean—1.58 ± 0.4), carbon maxima (Cmax—17, 19, 26, 27, 29), long-chain/short-chain hydrocarbons (LHC/SH-C; 0.77–2.25, mean—1.52 ± 0.3) and Paq, (0.21–0.61, mean–0.45 ± 0.3) as well as C29/C27 (0.89–2.67; mean—1.53 ± 0.2) indicated an admixture slightly predominated by microbial OM (algae/bacteria) in the most recent top layer (RC1, 0–5 cm) of RC core and slightly more enhanced terrestrially derived OM in the middle layer (RS4, 15–20 cm) of RS core. The later sediment layer deposited at ca. 1947–1964 coincided with the period of greater wash-in of land-derived OM (associated with tree logging/forest clearing for foot path extension and farmland preparation authorized by the European settlers) occasioned by intense rainfall. The occurrence of gammacerane and 18a-oleanane in low levels in the lower and upper layers revealed trace contamination by petroleum hydrocarbons imported into the Nigerian economy prior to independence in 1960 and utilization of Niger Delta oil after 1960 following departure of the colonial masters (the British), respectively.
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    Determination Of Nutritional Potential Of Cymbopogon Citratus (D.C.) Staph By Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy And Its Health Benefits
    (International Journal of Innovative Research and Advanced Studies (IJIRAS) Volume 5 Issue 3,, 2018) Umoh, Emmanuel Michael; Sam, Edidiong Sunday; Udoh, I. I.
    Lemon grass (Cymbopogon citratus) was processed for analyses. They were sorted and chopped into bits. They were sundried for 12hrs, oven dried for 24hrs at 60oC and pulverized. Digestion was carried out according to AOAC 2000 and analysed for P, Mg, K, Na, Se, B, Co, Fe, Zn, Mn, Cu and Ca contents using Unicam 939/959 Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer. Out of these twelve “botanical based minerals”, the most abundant was potassium followed by magnesium, phosphorus and calcium the least being boron. Most nutritional problems in Nigeria experienced by the vulnerable groups - the children and the elderly are due to mineral deficiencies in unwholesome or processed foods. Minerals usually obtained from synthetic mineral supplements are inadequate for the rural population due to high cost of procurement and at times adulteration. Most of them are toxic to susceptible individuals. Lemon grass is very effective in „Ajurvedic‟ medicine because of the “botanical based minerals” and bioactive compounds therefore taken in adequate quantities will help in the improvement of general health.