College of Science and Technology

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ASSESSMENT OF HEALING ARCHITECTURE STRATEGIES FOR THE DESIGN OF ORIKI GROUP WELLNESS CENTRE, JABI, ABUJA, NIGERIA
(Covenant University Ota, 2025-06) INI-UKIM, Didarabasi Esther; Covenant University Dissertation
This study investigates the implementation of healing architecture strategies in the design of a wellness centre located in Jabi, Abuja, with a focus on enhancing users’ physical, emotional, and mental well-being. The study grounded in Biophilic Design Theory and Therapeutic Landscape Theory explores how nature-integrated and sensory design elements promote health and wellbeing. The research reviewed literature and relevant theoretical frameworks to reveal elements such as natural and artificial lighting, ventilation, biophilic elements, acoustic comfort, colour psychology and spatial coherence play crucial roles in a therapeutic environment to support physical and mental balance. A comparative analysis of international and domestic case studies to evaluate how these strategies have been implemented in existing wellness centres around the world including SHA Wellness Clinic, Chiva-Som, Mii Amo and Abuja based centres such as Nisa Wellness Retreat, Beauty Secrets MedSpa, and JVee Wellness Spa. Findings from the analysis showed Nisa Wellness Retreat and Beauty Secrets MedSpa demonstrated stronger biophilic and therapeutic elements compared to JVee Wellness Spa. Structured questionnaires were administered to assess user perception of these healing architecture strategies, and the responses were analysed using descriptive statistics and reliability tests (Cronbach’s Alpha = 0.856). The results indicate users highly value natural lighting, quietness, ventilation and exposure to nature, as these strategies contribute significantly to relaxation, mental clarity and overall comfort. The research offers valuable design insights for architects and developers seeking to incorporate healing architecture strategies therapeutic environments.
ASSESSMENT OF INCLUSIVE ARCHITECTURAL STRATEGIES FOR THE DESIGN OF AN INNOVATION HUB FOR OYO STATE GOVERNMENT IN OGBOMOSO, NIGERIA
(Covenant University Ota, 2025-07) OYELUDE, Felicia Opeyemi; Covenant University Dissertation
Inclusive architectural strategies are crucial in ensuring that innovation hubs serve as equitable environments to promote creativity, social participation, and accessibility for all users. This study explores the assessment of inclusive architectural strategies and their impact on social inclusion within selected innovation hubs in Southwest Nigeria. The aim of the study was to enhance social inclusivity through the integration of inclusive design principles in the architectural development of innovation hubs. To achieve this, the study pursued four key objectives: to identify inclusive architectural strategies applicable to innovation hub design; to examine the social inclusion characteristics within innovation hubs; to assess the impact of inclusive architectural strategies on improving social inclusion; and to apply findings in the design of a proposed innovation hub in Ogbomoso. A pragmatic research philosophy guided the study, adopting a mixed-methods approach. The research design was based on case studies of five innovation hubs: Oluseun Onigbinde Resource Centre, Premier Hub Innovation Centre, Co-Creation Hub, PDX Innovation Hub, and Dare Adeboye Innovation Hub. Data were collected through structured questionnaires (n=170) and observation checklists, and analysed using SPSS for quantitative data and thematic analysis for qualitative insights. Key findings reveal that inclusive architectural features, such as barrier-free access, intuitive wayfinding, sensory design elements, and flexible workspaces, positively influence users’ sense of belonging, engagement, and social interaction. However, several barriers hinder full implementation, including weak policy enforcement, limited funding, inadequate stakeholder awareness, and partial adherence to national accessibility codes. This study contributes to the growing body of knowledge on inclusive architecture in developing contexts and highlights the need for architects, policymakers, and innovation hub managers to prioritize universal design principles from inception. It also provides a practical design framework for inclusive innovation hubs. Limitations of the study include its geographical focus on innovation hubs in Southwest Nigeria and the fact that only innovation hubs that granted access for case study visits were used, resulting in a purposive selection. Recommendations for future research include expanding the scope to other regions in Nigeria or other developing countries, incorporating longitudinal studies to assess long-term user experience, and exploring digital inclusivity in hybrid innovation environments.
ASSESSMENT OF PASSIVE DESIGN STRATEGIES FOR ENHANCING USERS’ COMFORT IN DENNIS OSADEBEY UNIVERSITY LIBRARY, ASABA, NIGERIA
(Covenant University Ota, 2025-07) AMADHE, Florence Ewomazino; Covenant University Dissertation
Academic libraries in tropical regions like southern Nigeria often suffer from poor environmental control and user discomfort due to limited application of passive design strategies. This study aimed to assess the effectiveness of passive design elements in enhancing user comfort, with a focus on informing the design of a proposed academic library at Dennis Osadebay University, Asaba. The research was guided by Environmental Comfort Theory and the Bioclimatic Design Framework, which emphasize human-centred, climate-responsive architectural solutions. Four objectives directed the study: to examine effective implementations of passive strategies in hot-humid climates; to determine the extent of adoption in selected academic libraries; to evaluate how the presence or absence of these strategies impacts user comfort; and to apply the findings in the design of a new academic library. A mixed-methods approach was employed, combining literature review, structured observations, international case analyses, and a user survey involving 315 respondents. Data analysis included content analysis, descriptive statistics, Spearman’s rank correlation, and CATREG regression modeling. Findings from the literature review revealed that natural ventilation, daylighting, spatial zoning, thermal massing, and shading devices are among the most frequently recommended passive design strategies for hot-humid climates. Observations from three academic libraries in Delta State showed limited implementation of ventilation and shading strategies, though daylight access and spatial layout were moderately considered. Survey results indicated strong correlations between user comfort and proximity to windows, daylight quality, and spatial flexibility, with regression analysis identifying spatial layout (β = 0.402), artificial lighting, and sunlight control as the strongest predictors of comfort (Adjusted R² = 0.530). These findings informed the final architectural design proposal, incorporating passive techniques adapted to Asaba’s climatic context. The study concludes that passive design strategies significantly enhance comfort in academic libraries and recommends prioritizing adaptable layouts, hybrid ventilation systems, and daylight optimization in future institutional projects.
ASSESSMENT OF PEDESTRIAN CIRCULATION STRATEGIES IN THE DESIGN OF HIGH-SPEED TRAIN TERMINAL, IJOKO, NIGERIA
(Covenant University Ota, 2025-07) Nzeh Millicent Eberechukwu; Covenant University Dissertation
Urban public transportation availability, which has tremendous potential to replace private vehicle use, is a dire need in the 21st Century. This is because of the continuous increase in global urbanisation. The heartbeat of transit systems within large cities is train terminals, which have gained prominence since the Industrial Era. However, minute consideration has been given to the planning of pedestrian circulation and the unique requirements of passengers within train terminals, posing a threat to the safety and efficiency of these transportation systems. Therefore, the aim of this study is to evaluate pedestrian circulation in existing train terminals with a view to implementing strategies that enhance user experience in the design of a high-speed train terminal in Ijoko, Ogun. A mixed-method approach is adopted as the research approach, involving the qualitative and quantitative aspects. The qualitative aspect involved examining and obtaining data from three selected Nigerian train terminals and four foreign train terminals used as the case studies. Conversely, quantitative data were harnessed by a questionnaire from fifty-five users of train stations. For a comprehensive analysis of the quantitative data, version 27 of the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) software was used. Tables, figures and plates were utilised to present the research results effectively. The mean ranking of the implemented pedestrian circulation strategies within the three local case studies was computed using SPSS. Similarly, the pedestrian circulation strategies’ portion of variance and sphericity of correlation matrix were also thoroughly computed through the Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin’s (KMO) and Bartlett’s tests, respectively. The appropriate size and positioning of vertical circulation and horizontal circulation systems, as well as the availability of signage showing the building’s functional spaces, are some of the pertinent pedestrian circulation strategies that influence satisfaction with the overall user experience in train terminals. This research study deeply explores important considerations for optimal pedestrian circulation through the proposal of an architectural design of a high-speed train terminal in Ogun State, Nigeria. The findings will be useful to built industry professionals involved in the design of high-speed train terminals. Three of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) are advocated for in this study, which are the ninth goal of “industry, innovation, and infrastructure”; the eleventh goal of “sustainable cities and communities”; and the third goal of “good health and well-being”
ASSESSMENT OF REGENERATIVE ARCHITECTURE PRINCIPLES AND USER WELL-BEING FOR THE DESIGN OF NATIONAL WELLNESS HOTEL IN JABI, ABUJA
(Covenant University Ota, 2025-07) Olukayode, Bisola Grace; Covenant University Dissertation
Architects, construction industry experts, and their clients are increasingly interested in regenerative design, which shows much promise for a new era of sustainable and positiveimpact architecture. Similarly, the wellness market is growing exponentially as customers prioritise their health and well-being and seek wellness experiences more frequently in the post-COVID-19 era. Integrating hospitality, healthcare, and regenerative design functions has become a well-acknowledged phenomenon in the built environment. Therefore, this research aims to implement regenerative architecture principles (RAPs) into the design of a wellness hotel in Abuja, Nigeria, to enhance users’ well-being. The following objectives will achieve this aim; examining the applicability of regenerative architecture principles to hotel designs; identifying the regenerative architecture principles in a wellness hotel; analysing the impact of regenerative architecture design principles on user well-being in wellness hotels, and implementing the research findings to develop an innovative wellness hotel that enhances user well-being. The research adopts a pragmatic philosophy and a mixed-methods approach, utilising a case study design that includes three wellness facilities—Nisa Wellness Retreat, Jvee Wellness and Spa, and Evenana Wellness. Data were collected through questionnaires, interviews, and observation checklists, with analysis conducted using SPSS for quantitative data and thematic frameworks for qualitative data. Findings from the case study reveal that while there is an average implementation of certain regenerative architecture principles, such as passive design strategies, use of local materials, and renewable energy sources, other principles relating to water management and inclusive design are underutilised. The analysis from the interviews and questionnaires demonstrates a significantly strong relationship between user well-being and regenerative architecture in hospitality spaces. Key barriers to implementing RAPs include a lack of awareness and contextual suitability, resource and knowledge limitations, and material and design complexity. This research highlights the benefits of adopting RAPs to promote user well-being in wellness spaces. The findings provide policymakers, design professionals, and relevant stakeholders with a framework for implementing regenerative principles in future hotel developments in Nigeria and other similar contexts. However, this study is not without its limitations, as the scope of the study was limited to three small to medium-scale wellness facilities in Abuja. The limited availability of largescale wellness hotels in Nigeria constrained the selection of case studies. Additionally, the research focused solely on Abuja's wellness facilities, which may not fully reflect regenerative practices in Nigeria's other geographic and socio-economic regions. Future research should be carried out to investigate the adoption of RAPs across varying hospitality facilities in diverse climes and contexts within Nigeria and West Africa. Longitudinal studies are also highly recommended to measure the extended impact of regenerative principles on user well-being over time. Additionally, researchers could delve deeper into the lifecycle assessments of regenerative-focused policy frameworks in hospitality architecture.
ASSESSMENT OF THERAPEUTIC ARCHITECTURE STRATEGIES FOR THE DESIGN OF A MEDICAL RESORT FOR PLATEAU STATE GOVERNMENT IN JOS, NIGERIA
(Covenant University Ota, 2025-07) Agyo, Ladidi Sonia; Covenant University Dissertation
The increasing global demand for healthcare environments that support holistic healing emphasizes the importance of therapeutic architecture in health facility design. However, in Nigeria, especially in Jos, Plateau State, there remains a knowledge gap in application of therapeutic architectural strategies particularly in medical resorts, which are both limited in number and essential for providing holistic healthcare. This study addresses this problem by assessing the extent to which therapeutic architecture strategies are applied in selected healthoriented facilities and explores how these findings can inform the design of a medical resort that enhances user well-being. Therefore, the study aims to assess therapeutic architecture strategies for the design of a medical resort in Jos, plateau state. With the objectives to identify therapeutic features in existing facilities, assess their implementation and evaluate their impact on users perceived well-being. The research utilizes a pragmatic research philosophy and a mixed-method approach. Data was collected through observation guides, questionnaires, and case studies in order too comprehensively gather data within the study area. A total of 300 respondents which included patients, healthcare practitioners, and visitors participated in the study. The research revealed that therapeutic architectural strategies positively impact user perceived well-being. However, the level of application varies significantly across facilities. The study also revealed a high correlation between user satisfaction and the perceived effectiveness of therapeutic architecture strategies indicating that This impact is mediated by user satisfaction with the implementation of these strategies. Challenges identified an inconsistent design quality in the application of therapeutic architecture strategies. Despite these, the research demonstrates that integrating user centered therapeutic design can enhance health outcomes and contribute meaningfully to the health and wellness based sector. The study is limited to three indigenous healthcare facilities and one health resort in Jos, and three foreign case studies. Future research should conduct a longitudinal assessment of the impact of therapeutic environments over time. This study provides practical insights for architects, healthcare planners, and policymakers, contributing to the development of a medical resort that supports wellbeing, comfort, and sustainable health infrastructure in Jos, Plateau State.
EVALUATION OF ACOUSTIC STRATEGIES FOR THE DESIGN OF CHRIST EMBASSY YOUTH CHURCH, IKEJA LAGOS, NIGERIA
(Covenant University Ota, 2025-07) Agbateyiniro, Dede Emmanuela; Covenant University Dissertation
EVALUATION OF AFROCENTRIC ARCHITECTURAL ELEMENTS FOR THE DESIGN OF OYO STATE CULTURAL CENTRE IN IBADAN, NIGERIA
(Covenant University Ota, 2025-07) OMOTAYO, Jeremiah John; Covenant University Dissertation
This study examined the integration of Afrocentric architectural elements for the design of a cultural centre in Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria. The research aimed to examine how the traditional elements can be incorporated to enhance cultural identity while aligning with modern architectural standards and building regulations. The study objectives include: evaluating the adequacy of Nigerian building regulations in supporting Afrocentric architectural integration; assessing the extent to which Afrocentric elements are implemented in selected cultural centres; analysing user satisfaction with Afrocentric architectural elements in the selected cultural centre; and developing a design framework that integrates Afrocentric design elements into an architectural design proposal of a cultural centre in Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria. The study adopted a qualitative research methodology employing literature review, site observation, and structured interview to collect data. Six domestic and international cultural centres were investigated of the study, they include: Oyo State Cultural Centre, New Culture Studios, Terra Kulture, Franco- Sénégalaise Cultural Centre, the National Museum of African American History and Culture (NMAAHC) and the African Cultural Heritage Centre. Observational data was collected through documenting Afrocentric motifs, materials, spatial layouts, and user interactions. Structured interviews with nine staff and visitors at the domestic cultural centres provided insights into user perceptions and experiences. The literature review drew from relevant texts and policies, including the National Building Code (2006) and Oyo State Building Regulations (2019). Content analysis was employed to systematically evaluate the observational data collected from site visits. Thematic analysis was used to interpret interview responses, while regulatory texts were content analysed to assess their provisions for Afrocentric architecture. Textual analysis was employed to examine the data from the literature review. Findings were presented through narratives, tables, drawings, photos, 3-dimentional animations and a physical model. Results reveal that the National Building Code lacks Afrocentric specificity, while Oyo State regulations offer limited cultural guidance. Afrocentric elements were partially implemented across selected cultural centres, with users expressing high satisfaction and noting enhanced experiences. Findings from the research inform an architectural design proposal demonstrating how Afrocentric elements can be effectively integrated into a cultural centre. The study contributes to the discourse on culturally responsive architecture, aiming to preserve Yoruba heritage while promoting aesthetic and functional excellence in contemporary design.
EVALUATION OF AFROCENTRIC STRATEGIES FOR THE DESIGN OF COMMUNITY CENTRE FOR COMMUNITY PLANNING AND DESIGN INITIATIVE, SATELLITE TOWN, LAGOS
(Covenant University Ota, 2025-07) Ihewulezi, Fortune Onyinyechi; Covenant University Dissertation
The underrepresentation of African cultural identity in contemporary architecture has led to growing interest in Afrocentric design approaches. Afrocentricity is the primary standpoint specifically addressing that spaces and buildings should resonate with the local community’s identity, pride and heritage while ensuring that it is standardized. This study aimed to evaluate the adoption of Afrocentric design strategies with the purpose to improve user wellbeing leading to its integration in the design of a community centre in Satellite Town and addressed these objectives which are to analyze level of adoption of afro-centric design strategies in community centres, assess the overall wellbeing of the users of the community centres and to establish a relationship between afro-centric design strategies and user wellbeing in community centres in Lagos mainland. This research adopted a pragmatic philosophy employing mixed method and a qualitative approach to explore Afrocentric design strategies for user wellbeing in a Lagos Mainland Community centre. Utilizing stratified random sampling method, the study focused on 318 respondents from three community centres employing the use of questionnaires, observation guide and case studies to comprehensively collect data within the study area. The scope encompasses the community needs, heritage preservation in its surroundings by incorporating the Afrocentric design strategies, the findings show that integrating indigenous symbols, spatial hierarchies, and community participation enhances both cultural relevance and environmental responsiveness and opportunities for the creation of community centres that are Africa-centred within the specified area and considered wellbeing of the users. The study recommends that architects adopt Afrocentric design principles, planners integrate culturally sensitive policies into urban frameworks, and communities actively engage in co-creating spaces that reflect their heritage.
EVALUATION OF BIOMORPHIC-INSPIRED CIRCULATION STRATEGIES FOR THE DESIGN OF NIGERIAN INSTITUTE OF ARCHITECTS ARCHITECTURE MUSEUM, IBADAN, NIGERIA
(Covenant University Ota, 2025-07) ONI, Oluwadamilola Enoch; Covenant University Dissertation
Biomorphic-inspired circulation strategies mimic natural forms and patterns to create intuitive and engaging circulation systems in a building space. Designing an architecture museum requires circulation spaces that are intuitive in guiding users’ movement to engage with various architectural-related exhibits on display. To this end, the aim of the study is to investigate the adoption of biomorphic-inspired circulation strategies for the design of an architecture museum in Ibadan, Nigeria, with a view to enhancing user experience. The objectives of the study include to: determine the biomorphic-inspired circulation strategies that can be adopted in museum design; analyse the extent of adoption of biomorphic-inspired circulation strategies in museums in Nigeria; evaluate users’ satisfaction level with the biomorphic-inspired circulation strategies adopted in Nigerian museums; and develop the findings in the design of an architecture museum in Ibadan, Nigeria. A mixed-method approach was employed, utilising qualitative and quantitative research techniques. Qualitative data was gathered through literature review, case studies of eight (8) selected Museums, comprising four (4) Nigerian museums and four (4) international museums, including interviews. Multi-stage sampling technique was used in the selection of these museums, while the snowball sampling method facilitated the selection of the five museum staff members who were interviewed. These selected museums were evaluated using an observation guide. Findings revealed that international museums highly adopted biomorphic-inspired circulation strategies, while Nigerian museums showed low adoption, highlighting gaps in the adoption of Nature-inspired Form & Function, Organic Geometry, Design Movement, Nature-inspired patterns, and Technology integration. Quantitative data were gathered from 57 museum users with the aid of a structured questionnaire. Descriptive analysis of the data, as presented in tables and analysed using SPSS software, indicated that National Museum of Unity, Ibadan and Yemisi Shyllon Museum had the highest level of very satisfied users with the biomorphic-inspired strategies adopted. Didi Museum had the lowest level of very satisfied users, while National Museum, Lagos had an equal share of very satisfied users and very dissatisfied users. However, the research concludes that while the international museums fully adopted the strategies, a holistic adoption of biomorphic-inspired circulation strategies in Nigerian museums is recommended to enhance user experience by addressing the existing gap in the level of adoption. Furthermore, the research aligns with Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) 9, 11, 12, 13, and 17, supporting user-centric design and environmental harmony. This research contributes to biomorphic design discourse, offering valuable insights for scholars, practitioners, and policymakers to create adaptive architecture museum environments.
EVALUATION OF ENERGY EFFICIENCY STRATEGIES FOR THE DESIGN OF GUILDANCE COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT FOUNDATION COMMUNITY CENTER, AGO, LAGOS, NIGERIA
(Covenant University Ota, 2025-07) Demide, Eneji Alikali; Covenant University Dissertation
This study investigates the deployment of design strategies that enhance energy efficiency in designing community centers in Lagos, Nigeria, highlighting the critical need for sustainable practices in urban infrastructure. As Nigeria grapples with rapid urbanization and energy challenges, community centers are vital hubs for social interaction and service delivery. However, many facilities operate inefficiently due to outdated infrastructure and a lack of integration of modern energy-saving technologies. This research aims to identify effective energy-efficient strategies tailored to the unique context of Lagos while examining the barriers to their implementation. Through qualitative interviews with key stakeholders and quantitative assessments of energy consumption patterns, this study evaluates the impacts of energy inefficiency on operational costs and environmental performance. The findings underscore the importance of adopting innovative solutions, such as solar power systems and passive cooling techniques, to enhance sustainability and reduce operational costs. Addressing the existing knowledge gaps and providing targeted recommendations, this research contributes to advancing sustainable urban development practices in Nigeria, ultimately fostering improved quality of life for residents.
EVALUATION OF INCLUSIVE ARCHITECTURE STRATEGIES FOR THE DESIGN OF GRANGE SECONDARY SCHOOL, VICTORIA GARDEN CITY, LAGOS NIGERIA
(Covenant University Ota, 2025-07) Kponu, Jemima Usinzibe; Covenant University Dissertation
This thesis investigates the adoption of inclusive architecture strategies in the design of Grange secondary school in Victoria Garden City (VGC), Lagos, Nigeria. The study aims to improve the equality of users' experiences through the intentional application of inclusive architectural principles that accommodate diverse physical and sensory needs, particularly those of students with visual impairments. Grounded in the framework of universal design, the study aligns with Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) 4 (inclusive and equitable quality education), 10 (reducing inequalities), and 11 (making cities and human settlements inclusive, safe, resilient, and sustainable). It addresses the ongoing marginalisation of users in educational environments due to spatial and sensory barriers that limit access, autonomy, and participation. A mixed methods approach was employed, comprising an extensive literature review, structured observation guides used during site visits to existing secondary schools, and the administration of questionnaires to students with visual impairments. These methods facilitated a critical evaluation of current school environments, enabling the identification of missing inclusive design strategies and their impact on users' experiences. The findings reveal that inclusive design is significantly under implemented in Lagos secondary schools. Most institutions lack basic architectural features such as ramps, handrails, tactile guidance surfaces, barrier free circulation paths, and legible spatial layouts. These omissions result in increased reliance on others, restricted movement, and heightened risk for students with disabilities. The research emphasises that these spatial deficiencies can be overcome by embedding inclusive design early in the architectural process through context responsive, multisensory, and human centred solutions. The study culminates in the design of a model inclusive secondary school in VGC. The proposal features tactile and auditory wayfinding systems, accessible circulation, clearly zoned learning spaces, appropriate lighting and acoustics, and sustainable climate responsive elements. These strategies are integrated from the outset, not as afterthoughts framing inclusion as a foundational architectural value. In addition to contributing to architectural theory and design practice, the study reinforces the critical role of inclusive school environments in advancing social equity. By translating global development goals into spatial strategies, it presents a replicable architectural model for addressing educational and infrastructural inequality in Nigeria and other rapidly urbanising contexts
EVALUATION OF NEO-VERNACULAR ARCHITECTURE STRATEGIES IN THE DESIGN OF AN ARTS AND CULTURAL CENTRE FOR LAGOS STATE, NIGERIA
(Covenant University Ota, 2025-07) Enwonwu, Chigozie Mitchelle; Covenant University Dissertation
This study evaluates the extent to which neo-vernacular architectural strategies are implemented in selected arts and cultural centres in Lagos and explores how users perceive the benefits of these strategies. Adopting a mixed-methods approach, data were gathered through case studies and user surveys at the John Randle Centre for Yoruba Culture and History, Terra Kulture, and KAP Hub. While purposive sampling guided the selection of centres, random sampling was used to recruit survey participants. Case study analysis revealed differing levels of neo-vernacular strategy adoption across the centres. Survey findings further indicated that users generally perceive neo-vernacular architecture as beneficial across cultural, economic, environmental, and social dimensions. However, these perceived benefits vary across centres. The study recommends a shift from symbolic use of traditional forms toward deeper, contextually grounded applications. Design strategies such as passive cooling, use of local materials, and integration of vernacular forms are proposed to enhance cultural relevance and improve architectural performance. By grounding contemporary design in indigenous knowledge and user experience, neo-vernacular architecture can offer more meaningful and enduring cultural spaces
EVALUATION OF NET ZERO ENERGY PRINCIPLES FOR THE DESIGN OF DE-CLAY BOUTIQUE HOTEL IN LAGOS, NIGERIA
(Covenant University Ota, 2025-07) Siyanbade, Timileyin Gbenga; Covenant University Dissertation
The dissertation titled “Application of Net Zero Energy Building Principles in the design of a boutique hotel in Lagos, Nigeria” intends to investigate the application of net zero energy building principles, in the hospitality sector in Lagos, Nigeria. With buildings contributing over 30% to global energy consumption and the hospitality sector’s rising energy demands, this study aims to provide a sustainable architectural response by integrating NZEB strategies into a context-sensitive hotel design. A mixed-methods approach was employed, combining case studies of local and international boutique hotels, expert interviews, structured questionnaires, and an extensive review of passive and active energy systems. Findings reveal that passive design strategies such as building orientation, natural ventilation, and daylight optimization can significantly reduce operational energy loads when tailored to local climatic conditions. Additionally, active systems like solar photovoltaic arrays, energy-efficient lighting and HVAC systems, smart systems, and water-saving technologies further enhance these. The design proposal for a boutique hotel in Eko Atlantic City applies these principles holistically, demonstrating the feasibility of achieving net-zero without compromising luxury, guest comfort, or aesthetic value. The study identifies key barriers to NZEB adoption in Nigeria, including high initial investment costs, limited technical expertise, and weak policy enforcement. It affirms that with the right blend of policy support, design innovation, and stakeholder engagement, NZEB-driven architecture can redefine energy resilience and environmental responsibility in the Nigerian hospitality sector. This research contributes to bridging the knowledge gap in sustainable hotel design in West Africa. It provides a replicable model for integrating net-zero energy strategies into commercial buildings in developing economies.
EVALUATION OF SALUTOGENIC STRATEGIES AND WORKERS’ SENSE OF COHERENCE FOR THE DESIGN OF EKULO BEVERAGE FACTORY, MAKURDI, NIGERIA
(Covenant University Ota, 2025-07) Apav, Fabian Demenongo; Covenant University Dissertation
In an era where employee well-being is increasingly linked to organisational success, factory environments must evolve beyond mere efficiency. Beverage factories, often characterised by repetitive tasks, noise, and physical strain, rarely consider the psychological and emotional needs of their workers. This study investigates how salutogenic design, an approach focused on promoting health rather than simply preventing illness, can enhance the Sense of Coherence (SOC) among workers in beverage factories in Benue State, Nigeria. Salutogenesis, a concept developed by Aaron Antonovsky, centres on three pillars of SOC: comprehensibility, manageability, and meaningfulness. When embedded into workplace architecture, these principles can mitigate stress, improve job satisfaction, and enhance productivity. Despite global research highlighting the benefits of salutogenic environments in healthcare and education, their integration into industrial settings remains sparse. The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of salutogenic design on worker well-being and to propose a factory design model that strengthens SOC. Using a mixed-methods approach including observations of salutogenic elements and sharing of questionnaires across selected beverage factories, the research assessed the presence of key design elements: natural light and ventilation, noise control, and restorative spaces. Findings revealed that most factories underprioritised these elements, resulting in low SOC ratings among workers. Further analysis such as regression analysis established a positive correlation between salutogenic environments and higher SOC scores. The study culminates in a design proposal for a beverage factory that integrates salutogenic principles to foster a healthier, more productive workforce. The results advocate for a shift in industrial design philosophy where human-centered spaces are not luxuries but necessities. By aligning with Sustainable Development Goals (3, 8, and 9), this research contributes to both academic discourse and practical applications in industrial architecture.
EVALUATION OF SALUTOGENIC STRATEGIES AND WORKERS’ SENSE OF COHERENCE FOR THE DESIGN OF EKULO BEVERAGE FACTORY, MAKURDI, NIGERIA
(Covenant University Ota, 2025-07) Apav, Fabian Demenongo; Covenant University Dissertation
In an era where employee well-being is increasingly linked to organisational success, factory environments must evolve beyond mere efficiency. Beverage factories, often characterised by repetitive tasks, noise, and physical strain, rarely consider the psychological and emotional needs of their workers. This study investigates how salutogenic design, an approach focused on promoting health rather than simply preventing illness, can enhance the Sense of Coherence (SOC) among workers in beverage factories in Benue State, Nigeria. Salutogenesis, a concept developed by Aaron Antonovsky, centres on three pillars of SOC: comprehensibility, manageability, and meaningfulness. When embedded into workplace architecture, these principles can mitigate stress, improve job satisfaction, and enhance productivity. Despite global research highlighting the benefits of salutogenic environments in healthcare and education, their integration into industrial settings remains sparse. The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of salutogenic design on worker well-being and to propose a factory design model that strengthens SOC. Using a mixed-methods approach including observations of salutogenic elements and sharing of questionnaires across selected beverage factories, the research assessed the presence of key design elements: natural light and ventilation, noise control, and restorative spaces. Findings revealed that most factories underprioritised these elements, resulting in low SOC ratings among workers. Further analysis such as regression analysis established a positive correlation between salutogenic environments and higher SOC scores. The study culminates in a design proposal for a beverage factory that integrates salutogenic principles to foster a healthier, more productive workforce. The results advocate for a shift in industrial design philosophy where human-centered spaces are not luxuries but necessities. By aligning with Sustainable Development Goals (3, 8, and 9), this research contributes to both academic discourse and practical applications in industrial architecture.
EVALUATION OF SHIPPING CONTAINER ARCHITECTURE STRATEGIES FOR THE DESIGN OF RETAIL SUPERMARKETS LIMITED SHOPPING MALL IN LAGOS, NIGERIA
(Covenant University Ota, 2025-07) Adekunle, Boluwatife Emmanuel; Covenant University Dissertation
The increasing demand for sustainable, adaptable, and cost-effective building methods in Lagos has driven interest in shipping container architecture as a viable alternative to conventional construction. This study evaluates the application of container architecture strategies in the design of a shopping mall, focusing on modularity, material efficiency, thermal comfort, and public perception. A mixed-methods approach was employed, combining case studies, surveys, and interviews with professionals to assess the performance of existing container buildings and the factors influencing their adoption in Lagos. The case studies were carried out on 6 buildings and 6 interviews were carried out with professionals with relevant experience in container architecture. The research findings revealed that while container buildings offer clear advantages in terms of speed, modularity, and environmental sustainability, they face challenges related to public acceptance, thermal performance, and regulatory compliance. Nevertheless, the public response to container-based malls was generally positive, particularly when design considerations such as aesthetics, comfort, and spatial adequacy were addressed. Case study evaluations further provided evidence of successful container adaptation across educational, cultural, and hospitality projects in Lagos. The research concludes by applying the strategies identified to the design of a proposed container-based shopping mall, EkoBox Mall. The project showcases how container architecture can offer practical, scalable, and environmentally conscious solutions to urban retail infrastructure in Nigeria.
EVALUATION OF SUSTAINABLE STRATEGIES AND USERS’ EXPERIENCE FOR THE DESIGN OF WEWORK COWORKING HUB, LAGOS, NIGERIA
(Covenant University Ota, 2025-07) OSISAMI, Oluwatomisin Monisola; Covenant University Dissertation
The increase in population in Lagos has created a need for sustainable work environments that encourage collaboration and its impact on user experience. Remote work, initially adopted during the COVID-19 pandemic, persisted beyond its peak, leading to challenges such as work-life imbalance, decreased productivity, and adverse effects on individuals’ physical and mental well-being. This research investigated the application of sustainable design strategies in coworking hubs to reduce environmental, physical, and psychological strain on users while also fostering productivity and social interaction. A mixed-methods approach combined quantitative and qualitative data collection through questionnaires, interviews, and case studies. The study focused on three coworking hubs in Eti-Osa, Lagos, Nigeria: Workstation, Impact Hub, and Africa Works. A multi-stage random sampling technique was employed in selecting these hubs, while the sustainability experts consulted included professionals certified in LEED and EDGE. The case studies were evaluated using the LEED rating points (110). Findings, as observed from case studies, highlighted Indoor Environmental Quality, showing consistency in average ratings, indicating reliable but not sufficient implementation. Water Efficiency and Sustainable Sites persistently underperformed, which showed water conservation and site planning deficiencies. Energy and Atmosphere showed significant variability across projects, ranging from relatively average to poor performance, suggesting inconsistent adoption of energy-efficient technologies. Regression analysis reveals that Indoor Environmental Quality is the strongest and most significant predictor of user experience (B = 0.813, β = 0.908, p < 0.001). Energy Efficiency (B = 0.344, p < 0.001) and Sustainable Sites (B = 0.260, p < 0.001) also show significant positive contributions. By prioritizing sustainable design strategies and user experience, the proposed coworking hub aspires to enhance the work experience for professionals and other users. This study proposes guidelines and recommendations for the effective implementation of sustainable design strategies in coworking hubs. It aligns with Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) 3, 9, 11, and 12, which focus on Good Health and Well-being, Industry, Innovation and Infrastructure, Sustainable Cities and Communities, and Responsible Consumption and Production, respectively. The insights gained from this research are intended to inform the design of a coworking hub in Lagos, Nigeria.
EVALUATION OF USER-CENTRED DESIGN STRATEGIES AND EMPLOYEES’ PRODUCTIVITY IN THE DESIGN OF STAINERZ OFFICE BUILDING IN UYO, NIGERIA
(Covenant University Ota, 2025-07) EQUERE, Ukponobong Akpan; Covenant University Dissertation
This study investigated the application of user-centred design (UCD) strategies in the design of an office building in Uyo, Akwa Ibom State, with a focus on enhancing employees’ productivity. As modern work environments evolve, traditional office designs often fail to address the holistic needs of users physically, psychologically, and functionally. User-centred design prioritizes the needs, preferences, and experiences of users through key strategies such as ergonomic design, flexible workspaces, biophilic design, inclusive design, and sustainable design. A mixed methods approach was adopted, comprising of literature reviews, comparative analysis of selected office buildings, and structured questionnaires distributed across selected office buildings in Uyo. Quantitative data were analysed using descriptive statistics and reliability tests, while qualitative insights enriched the understanding of spatial functionality and user satisfaction. Findings revealed that flexible workspaces, ergonomic design, and biophilic design were highly rated by employees in terms of their impact on productivity. However, gaps were identified in the provision of ergonomic tools and sustainability features. The study highlights the significance of implementing these strategies into office designs particularly in Uyo, Nigeria, emphasizing their contribution to employees’ productivity. The findings provide valuable design insights for architects, developers, facility manages and executives, aiming to create a more productive work environment in Uyo, Nigeria.
EVALUATION OF VERTICAL GARDEN SYSTEMS FOR THE DESIGN OF GRENADINE HOMES’ MIXED-USE BUILDING, VICTORIA ISLAND, LAGOS, NIGERIA
(Covenant University Ota, 2025-07) CHUKA-EBENE, Chetachi Amanda; Covenant University Dissertation