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Item Stakeholders’ perspectives on addressing climate change and respiratory health impacts in Nigeria(Pan African Medical Journal, 2025) Akinnola, Olayemi O.; Iseolorunkanmi, Alexander; Niyi-Odumosu, Faatihah; Akinnola, Olayemi O.; Ale, Boni Maxime; Adeloye, Davies; Ozoh, Obianuju BeatriceThe impacts of climate change on respiratory health are increasingly becoming a significant challenge in Nigerian cities, particularly in Lagos and Ogun States. Engaging stakeholders in discussions about climate change and health is crucial for addressing these challenges. The climate change and respiratory health (C2Rest) Nigeria Study team facilitated a stakeholder engagement to discuss climate change and health impacts in Nigeria, aiming to explore feasible solutions relevant to research, policy, and practice. A stakeholder meeting was conducted on April 23rd, 2024, involving from Gardner´s climate change engagement pathways, which examine key drivers (8 questions), barriers (7 questions), and adaptation pathways (3 questions). Data were collected through note-taking, written contributions, audio and video recording, and subsequently transcribed and analysed thematically. A total of 42 registered participants, comprising government officials, academicians, healthcare professionals, community and religious leaders, attended the stakeholder engagement meeting. Participants made group presentations and submitted a total of 380 written contributions. There were varying views on the drivers of climate change, but there was consensus that the most vulnerable populations include the poor, homeless, pregnant women, children, the elderly, and individuals with underlying health conditions. An important barrier identified was the sociocultural belief that climate change is an act of God or spirits. Financial constraints were a recurrent theme in discussions about mitigation and adaptation to climate change. This report provides valuable information on the most vulnerable population to the effects of climate change in Nigeria and identifies sociocultural beliefs and financial constraints as key barriers to the adoption of effective mitigation and adaptation behaviors.Item Assessment of knowledge and practices towards the diagnosis of arboviral infections amongst healthcare workers in Lagos State and the Federal Capital Territory: a cross-sectional study(Pan African Medical Journal, 2024-12-17) Ipadeola, A. F.; Akinnola, Olayemi O.; Kolawole, Olatunji Matthew; Isere, Elvis Efe; Attah, Timothy Adejoh; Omenyi, Lazarus Onyema; Oladokun, Odunola Dorcas; Oyewunmi, Kafayat Olabisi; Ekun, Oyeronke Olufemi; Oparaocha, Stellamaris Uche; Obazee, Dorcas Yetunde; Ndaks, Comfort; Ewa, Egwu Emmanuel; Olasehinde, Grace IyaboItem Prevalence and antibiotic susceptibility patterns of uropathogens in men with prostate cancer and benign prostate hyperplasia from Southwestern Nigeria(BMC Microbiology, 2024) Akinpelu, Sharon O.; Olasehinde, Grace I.; kuerowo, Stephen O.; Akinnola, Olayemi O.Background Epidemiological investigations have revealed an important association between infection, inflammation and prostate cancer. Certain bacterial species, such as Klebsiella spp, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas spp, Proteus mirabilis, Chlamydia trachomatis have been linked to prostate cancer. This study aimed to examine the microbiota; specifically bacterial species that have been linked to prostate infections in the urine of individuals diagnosed with prostate cancer. Results Sixty-six prostate cancer patients and forty controls provided midstream urine samples. The urine samples were grown on suitable medium, and bacterial isolates were detected by standard microbiological methods. Additionally, the antibiotic sensitivity pattern of the bacterial isolates was analysed. A total of number of 72 bacterial isolates were obtained from the urine of study participants. The results showed the presence of Escherichia coli (50.0%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (18.1%), Klebsiella spp (15.3%), Staphylococcus aureus (8.3%), Enterobacter spp (4.2%), and Proteus mirabilis (2.8%) in the urine. The most common bacterial species isolated from prostate cancer patients was Escherichia coli, which was susceptible to levofloxacin (100%), tobramycin (91.7%), and amikacin (62.5%). Conclusions This study’s findings established the presence of bacteria previously linked to prostatitis. This report indicates a high prevalence of pro-inflammatory bacteria and uropathogens in the urinary tract of men diagnosed with prostate cancerItem Nasal Carriage, Antimicrobial Susceptibility Profile, and Enterotoxin Genes of Staphylococcus aureus Isolated from Children with Asthma(Indian J Microbiol, 2024) Oshamika, Oyewumi Oluwaseun; Sonowo, Oreoluwa; Akinbolagbe, Yeside; Odusote, Olatunde; Akinnola, Olayemi O.; Eni, AngelaAsthma is a chronic respiratory disease that affects children worldwide. Increasing evidence suggests that Staphylococcus aureus contributes to the pathology of asthma. The aim of this study was to evaluate the nasal carriage, antimicrobial susceptibility profile, and presence of enterotoxin genes from S. aureus isolated from children with asthma. Nasal swab samples were collected from 158 children, including 98 children with asthma and 60 healthy controls. S. aureus isolates were identified using phenotypic methods and the presence of the nuc gene. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed using the Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) confirmed the presence of the mecA gene and enterotoxin genes. The nuc gene was confirmed in 83 isolates, resulting in a nasal carriage of 52.5% (83/158). The nasal carriage of S. aureus was higher among asthma cases (72.4%), with a significant association of S. aureus nasal carriage observed among asthma cases (OR 0.201, 95% CI 0.063– 0.645, p = 0.007). Methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) nasal carriage was 11.4%. The S. aureus isolates showed high resistance to cefoxitin (99%) and penicillin (92%) but were sensitive to gentamicin (25%). Furthermore, 67.5% of the isolates were multi-drug resistant. The staphylococcal enterotoxin c gene (sec) was the most prevalent enterotoxin (19.7%) among cases and controls. These findings highlight the need for improved antibiotic stewardship in paediatric medicine and implementation of infection control policies.Item KNOWLEDGE AND PRACTICES OF HEALTHCARE WORKERS ON ARBOVIRAL INFECTIONS AND DIAGNOSTICS APPROACH IN OGUN STATE, SOUTHWEST NIGERIA(Open Journal of Medical Research, 2024) Ipadeola, A. F.; Akinnola, Olayemi O.; Kolawole, O. M.; Isere, E. E.; Attah, T. A.; Omenyi, I. O.; Afekelu, O. D.; Oreoluwa, A. A.; Oludare, I. T.; Adediran, A. S.; Olasehinde, G. I.Arboviral infections pose significant public health challenges in tropical and subtropical regions like Nigeria. However, these diseases are often undetected by healthcare workers (HCWs) due to the similarity in the presentation to other febrile illnesses like malaria. This study assessed the knowledge and diagnostic practices of HCWs on arboviral infections in Ogun State. A cross-sectional study was conducted among HCWs in selected secondary and tertiary health facilities in Ogun State from October 2022 to September 2023. A semi-structured questionnaire was administered to collect data on sociodemographic characteristics, knowledge of arboviral infections, and diagnostic practices. Stata was used to analyze the data at a 5% level of significance. Of the 96 participants included in the study, 59.4% were female, and 40.0% were ≥35 years old. Nurses constituted the largest cadre (41.7%) while medical doctors (24.0%) were the least represented. Most respondents (68.8%) had never heard of arboviral infections, and 81.3% demonstrated poor knowledge about arboviral infections and diagnosis. Only 6.3% of HCWs had previously suspected or diagnosed an arboviral infection, with clinical diagnosis being more common (66.7%) than laboratory testing (33.3%). Notably, 92.7% of all respondents had no prior training in arboviral infection diagnosis. Good knowledge and previous training received were significantly associated with the diagnosis of arboviral infections among HCWs (p<.05). There is a gap in the knowledge and diagnostic practices of HCWs in the detection of arboviral infections in Ogun State. Thus, comprehensive training programs may be significant in improving awareness, and diagnostic capabilities and enhancing prompt detection and management of arboviral infections in Ogun stateItem Epidemiological and Seasonal Patterns of Respiratory Diseases at a Community Health Facility in Southwest Nigeria: A Five-Year Retrospective Analysis(The Open Public Health Journal, 2025) Oshamika, Oyewumi Oluwaseun; Adebanjo, Ademola Oyeyemi; Onile-ere, Olabode Azeez; Akinnola, Olayemi O.; Eni, Angela ObiagelItem In vivo Evaluation of Plant Extracts against Common Phytopathogenic Fungi Isolated from Pawpaw (Carica papaya L.)(IOP Conf. Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 2025) Oniha, M. I.; Eni, A. O.; Akinnola, Olayemi O.; Omonigbehin, E. A.; Adegboye, B. E.; Taiwo, O. S.; Odetunmibi, O.A.; Oyejide, S.O.; Aina, M.O.; Isibor, P. O.; Ahuekwe, E.F.Plants possess various efficacious natural products to curtailing various problems associated with man and his environment. Fungi cause significant postharvest losses to global pawpaw (Carica papaya) production, particularly in Africa. Current control methods focus primarily on synthetic fungicides that are hazardous to the environment, while plant-based fungicides are characterised with biofriendly and costeffective potential. In this study, three plant extracts were investigated for their in vivo antifungal property opposed to three phytopathogenic mycoflora isolated from Carica papaya post harvest. Aqueous extracts of Moringa oleifera, Telfaira occidentalis and Bauhinia monandra leaves were evaluated at aaglomerations of 150 mg/ml and 75 mg/ml for their antifungal properties in papaya fruits for 7 days. In vivo antifungal evaluation revealed that the three plant extracts showed varying degrees of inhibitory activity against Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus flavus and Rhizopus oryzae. Of the three evaluated plants, B. monandra showed higher antifungal activity during the post-inoculation period. The concentration of 150 mg/ml of aqueous extracts of the plants preserved the fruits and inhibited fungal growth in a range of 3-5 days, while the 75mg/ml concentration of Moringa oleifera, Telfiaria occidentalis and Bauhinia monandria inhibited fungal growth for 3, 2 and 3 days after inoculation, respectively. Significant weight loss was observed in fruits inoculated for both treatments and controls at both concentrations (p-value <0.05). This experimentation has ssubstantiated that the aqueous leaf extracts of M. oleifera, T. occidentalis, and B. monandra possess the potential as natural antifungals for the control and management of fungal diseasesItem Exploring the impact of climate change on respiratory health in Nigeria: a scoping review of current research, government policies and programs(Climatic Change, 2025) Niyi-Odumosu, Faatihah; Ozoh, Obianuju B.; Ope, Victor Oloruntoba; Ale, Boni M.; Akinnola, Olayemi O.; Iseolorunkanmi, Alexander; Adeloye, DaviesClimate change significantly impacts health globally, especially in densely populated, rapidly industrialising and ecologically diverse countries like Nigeria. We analysed climate change policies, studies, programs, and events at the national and subnational levels in Nigeria and explored their effects on public and respiratory health. Using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMAScR) checklist, we searched PubMed, African Journals Online (AJoL), Google Scholar and government data repositories on January 10, 2024. We synthesised results using an adapted sector-level framework based on the World Health Organization (WHO) guidelines. Our searches returned 262 items, of which 32, including research studies, reports and grey documents, were retained for synthesis. Although some policies and programmes, like the Climate Change Act and Nigerian Climate and Health Observatory, exist, implementation is limited across many settings. Key reported respiratory pollutants in Nigeria include particulate matter (PM2.5, PM10), gaseous emissions (CO, SO₂, NOx), agricultural by-products (NH₃, H₂S), greenhouse gases (CH₄, CO₂), and microbial contaminants, which collectively increase the risk of respiratory inflammation, infections, and exacerbations of chronic respiratory symptoms and diseases. Our findings underscore a clear link between climate change and worsening respiratory health in many Nigerian settings. The current policies and programmes’ have limited impact, calling for comprehensive reforms, including improved enforcement and targeted action against major pollution sources, recognition of environmental rights, and stronger public health initiatives and community action.Item A possible role of urinary genotoxic Escherichia coli in prostate cancer in Nigerian patients(BMC Research Notes, 2025) Akinpelu, Sharon O.; Olasehinde, Grace I.; Akinnola, Olayemi O.Objective Infection and inflammation are potential initiating factors for the development and progression of prostate cancer. This study investigated the presence of bacterial genotoxins; colibactin (clb) and cytolethal distending toxin (cdt) in Escherichia coli isolated from urine samples of individuals diagnosed with prostate cancer as well as those with benign prostatic hyperplasia. E. coli was isolated from urine samples from prostate cancer patients (cases, n = 30) and men with benign prostate hyperplasia (controls, n = 40). The presence of colibactin (clb) and cytolethal distending toxin (cdt) genes was evaluated in E. coli isolates using polymerase chain reaction. Results The frequency of E. coli was 36.0% of prostate cancer patients and 30.0% of controls, respectively (p = 0.557). Furthermore, there was a higher occurrence of the clb gene in cases compared to controls (36.4% vs. 8.3%). Cytolethal distending toxin (cdt) gene was absent in all isolates examined. The analysis revealed no significant relationship between the selected genotoxins and prostate cancer (p = 0.104). The Gleason grade of the cancer was not a major determinant in the occurrence of clb within the cancer cases. The present study is the first report investigating bacterial genotoxins in urine samples of Nigerian prostate cancer patients. Our findings showed no association between bacterial genotoxins and prostate cancer. Additional investigations are warranted to further investigate the role of bacterial genotoxins in prostate cancer development.Item Prevalence and associated risk factors of Staphylococcus aureus nasal colonization among a cohort of immunocompromised individuals in Lagos, Nigeria(BMC Infectious Diseases, 2025) Ogunleye, Bimpe O.; Oshamika, Oyewumi O.; Akinpelu, Sharon O.; Ajayi, Ayodeji S.; Akinduti, Paul A.; Oyedeji, Kolawole S.; Odeniy, Olalekan M.; Akinnola, Olayemi O.Background Immunocompromised individuals are highly vulnerable to Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) infections, leading to increased morbidity and mortality. This study aimed to assess the prevalence, virulence, and risk factors associated with S. aureus nasal carriage among immunocompromised individuals in Lagos, Nigeria. Methods A total of 350 participants were enrolled, including 150 HIV/AIDS cases, 50 HIV/TB co-infections, 100 diabetes cases, and 50 controls. Nasal swabs were collected and cultured on Mannitol salt agar for the isolation of Staphylococcus aureus. Presumptive isolates were confirmed using Gram staining, catalase, and coagulase tests. Antimicrobial susceptibility was determined using the Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method in accordance with CLSI guidelines. Molecular detection of resistance and virulence genes was performed using PCR targeting the mecA gene (methicillin resistance) and pvl (Panton-Valentine leukocidin). A structured questionnaire capturing clinical history and hygiene practices was used to evaluate risk factors for S. aureus carriage. Results The overall prevalence of S. aureus was 14.6% (51/350), S. aureus was isolated in 28% (14/50) of controls, 16.7% (25/150) of HIV/AIDS patients, 14% (7/50) of HIV/TB cases and 5% (5/100) of diabetes cases. Susceptibility to erythromycin was 80.4%, gentamycin, ciprofloxacin and Sulfamethoxazole-Trimethoprim (64.7%) among all S. aureus isolated. Methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) was detected in 78.4% (40/51) of isolates, predominantly among HIV/AIDS patients (52.5%). pvl genes were identified in 11.8% (6/51) of isolates. S. aureus carriage was significantly associated with recent antibiotic use (p = 0.003) and contact with animals (p = 0.018). Conclusion This study demonstrates a high prevalence of S. aureus among controls compared to immunocompromised individuals. These results highlight the need for further studies to elucidate the relationship between host factors and S. aureus colonization. This could inform targeted strategies for infection prevention and control.