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Start date: 2025Has files: Yes

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    In-Silico, Nutritional and Anti-inflammatory Studies on Trametes versicolor (L.) Lloyd and Flammulina velutipes (Curtis) Singer
    (Covenant University Ota, 2025-03) IYEKEKPOLOR, OSAMUDIAME MOSES; Covenant University, Dissertation
    Mushrooms are recognized as functional foods due to their rich phytochemical diversity and nutritional and therapeutic value. This study investigated the health-promoting potential of two understudied species, Trametes versicolor and Flammulina velutipes, through an approach that integrated phytochemical analysis, nutritional profiling, anti-inflammatory investigation, and in-silico evaluation. Preliminary phytochemical screening was carried out using standard methods. Proximate and micronutrient analyses were carried out using AOAC methods. High-performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) was utilized for bioactive compound quantification. Anti-inflammatory activity was investigated via the albumin denaturation assay and compared with a standard anti-inflammatory drug (Prednisolone). Molecular docking was performed using the Swiss dock platform utilizing the AutoDock Vina algorithm. Preliminary phytochemical screening identified T.versicolor as rich in saponins, phenols, tannins, glycosides, and emodins, while F.velutipes contained high flavonoids, alkaloids, saponins, and phenols. Nutritional profiling revealed F.velutipes as a nutrient-dense species with higher energy (491.57 kcal/100g), protein (24.71%), and fiber (15.12%) compared to Trametes versicolor (426.73 kcal/100g, 19.66% protein, 12.42% fiber). Both mushrooms exhibited significant mineral content, including potassium, magnesium, and calcium, with F.velutipes containing elevated vitamin C (77.54 mg/100g) and T.versicolor higher vitamin B2 (2.46 mg/100g). Anti-inflammatory activity, revealed T. versicolor exhibited low potency (IC50 1.073 × 1010 μg/mL), whereas F. velutipes exhibited superior efficacy (IC50 2.858μg/mL), outperforming prednisolone (IC50 2.231 × 1014 μg/mL). Computational molecular docking against HER2, a breast cancer target, revealed T.versicolor’s bioactive compounds—rutin, apigenin, and kaempferol—with binding affinities of -5.88, -5.81, and -5.78 kcal/mol, respectively, comparable to the standard drug doxorubicin (-5.43 kcal/mol). Similarly, F.velutipes’ orientin and catechin showed binding affinities of -5.24 and -5.70 kcal/mol, highlighting their anticancer potential. These findings underscore both species as nutrient-rich functional foods with robust anti-inflammatory activity and promising therapeutic relevance against breast cancer.
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    Frequency Of BRCA1 Polymorphisms (rs799917 and rs1799966) Among Nigerian Breast Cancer Patients
    (Covenant University Ota, 2025-03) OGUNNIYI, OLUWABUSAYO BUNMI; Covenant University, Dissertation
    Breast cancer (BCa) is the most diagnosed malignancy among women worldwide, with an estimated 2.3 million new cases and 666,103 deaths recorded in 2022. In Nigeria, BCa remains the leading cause of cancer-related mortality among women, accounting for 32,278 (25.3%) new cases and 16,322 (20.5%) deaths in 2022. Breast cancer gene 1 (BRCA1) is a tumour suppressor gene involved in DNA damage repair, cell cycle regulation, and maintenance of genome stability. Studies suggest that genetic factors, such as Single Nucleotide Polymorphism (SNPs) in the BRCA1 genes, play a pivotal role in the development of cancers. The BRCA1 gene harbors specific SNPs within its coding sequence, including rs799917 and rs1799966. These SNPs interfere with the interaction between BRCA1 mRNA and miR-638, significantly decreasing BRCA1 expression among individuals carrying these variants. Several studies have reported correlations between BRCA1 polymorphisms rs799917 and rs1799966 with the risk of BCa. However, this relationship remains controversial. This study assesses the frequency of BRCA1 rs799917 and rs1799966 polymorphisms and their association with BCa in Nigeria. The case-control study included 500 BCa patients and 200 paired healthy controls. TaqMan genotyping assay was used to determine the genotypes of rs799917 and rs1799966 polymorphisms. Using logistic regression and Pearson's chi-square test, a statistically significant difference (p < 0.05) was identified in the genotype frequencies. The G allele of rs799917(p= 0.017; OR: 1.39) showed significant associations with the risk of breast cancer in Nigeria and, while globally reported as the wild-type allele, is observed as the variant allele in our population. The C Allele of rs1799966 confers a protective risk against breast cancer. Further study should focus on functional genomics to evaluate the interaction between miR-638 and the mRNA in individuals carrying this SNP, particularly in the Nigerian population. Keywords: breast
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    EVALUATION OF COST REDUCTION TECHNIQUES ON PUBLIC TERTIARY EDUCATIONAL PROJECTS IN SOUTHWESTERN NIGERIA
    (Covenant University Ota, 2025-03) AKINOLA GBEMISOLA AJOKE; Covenant University Thesis
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    CHARACTERISATION OF PROSTATE TISSUE AND EXPRESSED PROSTATIC SECRETION IN PATIENTS WITH PROSTATE DISORDERS IN LAGOS NIGERIA
    (Covenant University Ota, 2025-01) SAMUEL ABOSEDE ESTHER; Covenant University Ota
    Prostate cancer (PCa) is the second most prevalent cancer in men, particularly affecting those of Black African descent. Nigeria currently has the fourth highest risk for PCa mortality in the world. The microbiome of the prostate has emerged as a critical factor in understanding the aetiology and progression of prostate diseases, such as prostate cancer (PCa), benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), benign stromal hyperplasia (BSH) and prostatitis (PRO). This study was conducted to comparatively characterize the microbiome present in prostate tissue and expressed prostatic secretion (EPS) from patients diagnosed with PCa, BPH, BSH and PRO. A total of 30 study participants comprising of 15 prostate cancer, 10 benign prostatic hyperplasia, 2 benign stromal hyperplasia and 3 prostatitis subjects. Samples were collected from the urology clinic of Lagos State University Teaching Hospital Ikeja and analysed to identify and quantify bacterial species, assessing the diversity and composition of the microbial communities. Subjects without prostate (15) cancer were used as control subjects. By employing cultural and 16SrRNA sequencing techniques, uro-pathogens were isolated from the samples. The antibiotic susceptibility testing was carried out on these isolates. Prostate tissue and EPS samples from BPH patients demonstrated a higher prevalence of bacterial taxa, including Staphylococcus scuri, Bacillus mycoides, Staphylococcus aureus, Proteus vulgaris, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Streptococcus pyogene and Bacillus subtilis. Conversely, PCa patients exhibited an increased presence of pathogenic bacteria such as Escherichia coli Klebsiella oxytoca, Pseudomonas fluorescens, Citrobacter freudii, Pseudomonas putida, Staphylococcus condimentii, and Proteus mirabilis, which have been implicated in chronic inflammation and carcinogenesis. A high abundance of Lactobacillus vaginalis, Staphylococcus carnosus and Zymononas mobilis were observed in the prostate tissue. PCa-associated microbiome displayed reduced microbial diversity compared to other prostate disorders, suggesting a possible dysbiosis linked to cancer progression.