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    Modelling and Prediction of Satellite Signal Path Loss using the ARIMA models at Ku-band in Lagos State, South Western Nigeria
    (ICSSD 2024 (IOP Conf. Series: Earth and Environmental Science), 2025) Arijaje, T. E.; Omotosho, T. V; Aizebeokhai, A. P.; Akinwumi S. A.; Oyeyemi, K. D.
    Satellite signal path loss is the reduction of signal strength between the transmitting satellite and the receiving antennas on the earth surface. It is cause by effects such as reflection, free space loss, diffraction, refraction and absorption. It is also cause as a results of the environment, terrain contours, medium of propagation, height of antennas location and transmitting distance between the transmitter and receiver. Several methods such as the traditional methods and machine learning techniques have been explored. However, statistical method of path loss prediction has been completely utilized. In this work, prediction of path loss using the autoregressive integrated moving average (ARIMA) technique was considered. Four different ARIMA models at Ku-band were explored using eight years in Lagos State. The method consists of some steps in the run time analysis: the first stage involved identifying the ARIMA model by creating an Autocorrelation Function (ACF) and Partial Autocorrelation Function (PACF) plots and checking if the data are stationary. The second stage involved estimating the ARIMA model, which consists in testing the parameters' significance after obtaining the model's parameters. The ARIMA model is adopted if the parameters are significant. The third stage involved diagnostic checking, in which a test was carried out to see if the adopted model was statistically significant. The fourth stage involves predicting the path loss after the diagnostic process using the adopted or selected ARIMA model. From the analysis, it can be concluded that the best ARIMA model for path loss prediction in Lagos at Ku-band is ARIMA (1,0,0). The ARIMA (1,0,0) model is a better path loss prediction model than the other ARIMA models, indicating that the model parameters are significant at 0.05 with the slightest MSE error, thereby meeting the test of independence. Therefore, for sitting and planning of radio signal propagation technologies in the study location, policy-makers and engineers in telecommunication industry in Nigeria can take advantage of the results within the area of study towards sustainable tele-communication and infrastructure (SDG goal 9).
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    Path Loss Prediction on Earth-Space Link Using Statistical and Time Series Approach at Ka-Band in Abuja, North Central Nigeria
    (ICSAEES-2024, Lagos, Nigeria, 2024) Arijaje, T. E.; Omotosho, T. V.; Aizebeokhai, A. P.
    Predictive path loss modelling is essential in designing wireless communication systems. However, the empirical methods of path loss prediction are inaccurate as the empirical models cannot be implemented outside the area or region where they are developed. This study focuses on improving the prediction of path loss using statistical approaches such as multiple linear regression (MLR) and time series models using eight (2014 – 2021) data retrieved from the global precipitation measuring mission (GPM) at Ka-band. The step-wise selected method was adopted for the multiple linear regression (MLR). In the exponential smoothing method, weighting is carried out exponentially, decreasing in the direction of the older values. The MLR analysis revealed that the MLR model performs well, with an accuracy of 99.52%. The R2 value of 99.52% indicated a strong correlation between the estimated and predicted path loss in the model. PL = 18.706 0.98459 − Pr +1.60027Pt + 0.99808Gr The P-value of the regression model is 0.000, indicating that the model estimated by the MLR procedure is statistically significant at a level of 0.05. Also, the results showed that the transmitted antenna gain is the most contributed predictor in the path loss with a value of 1.60027 dB. Likewise, the results from the exponential smoothing models revealed that the single exponential smoothing (SES) model performs better than the double exponential smoothing model with a mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) of 14.47%, indicating that the model's performance is good because the MAPE value falls within 10 – 20%. The mean absolute deviation (MAD), mean square deviation (MSD), and smoothing constant are 0.3215, 0.2313, and 0.9685, respectively. Striking a balance, the application of MLR and the SES models will improve wireless communication systems in Abuja, the North Central region of Nigeria, at Ka-band. Therefore, engineers and policymakers in the Nigerian telecommunication industry should assess the impacts of path loss within the study locations towards sustainable telecommunications and infrastructure (SDG goal 9) for planning and setting radiowave propagation technologies in the study locations and Nigeria at large.
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    Seasonal Variation of Total Attenuation between Airborne Platform and Earth Station in South-West Region, Nigeria
    (7th International Conference on Science and Sustainable Development and Workshop, 2024) Arijaje, T. E.; Omotosho, T. V.; Aizebeokhai, A. P.; Akinwumi S. A.
    The seasonal variation of total attenuation in the southwest region of Nigeria has been computed using eight (8) years dataset at Ku- and Ka-band of the transmitted power of the radar, transmitted antenna gain and the received antenna gain of the satellite retrieved from the archived of the GPM. The results obtained fluctuates between the seasons at Ku- and Ka-band. From the results obtained at Ku-and Ka-band, the results from analysis showed that the peak total attenuation was recorded between the early (MAM) and late wet (JJA) season when the intensity of rainfall is maximum in the South-West region. As a result, the effect on the airborne-earth station link will be severe which may further lead to signal outage. However, the state where the highest total attenuation was consistent is Lagos state. These seasons and Lagos state must be taking into consideration by engineers and radiowave propagation group when planning and sitting radiowave propagation in the study area.
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    Adoption of Inclusive Architecture Design Strategies in Selected Community Centres, Lagos Mainland, Nigeria
    (Civil Engineering and Architecture 12(6), 2024) Adewale, B. A.; Odewumi, Anuoluwa Nissi
    Community centres play a variety of important responsibilities in communities. They function as cohesive environments, fostering the convergence of individuals from diverse backgrounds to engage in collaborative endeavours and promote inclusion, which is essential for sustainable urban development. This study examined the adoption of inclusive architecture strategies in three selected community centres in Lagos Mainland, Nigeria – Araromi Youth Development Centre, Magodo Residents Association Community Centre, and Ikeja Youth Centre, in order to improve inclusion in public spaces and foster sustainable urban development. Employing a qualitative approach, the research aimed to evaluate the adoption level of inclusive architecture strategies in the study area. Utilising an observation guide as a research instrument supported by a thorough literature review, the study conducted in-depth case studies within the study area, revealing commendable levels of adoption. However, a deeper examination reveals opportunities for greater adoption of inclusive architecture strategies in order to achieve a more holistic and inclusive design aligned with global standards. This study also offers significant implications in the field of architecture as it provides a comprehensive framework that future research can use to assess and compare the inclusiveness of different public spaces. This research underscores the pressing need for enhanced inclusivity in urban spaces and public areas, contributing valuable insights to academic discussions and offering practical implications for educators, architects, urban planners, and policymakers, thus fostering inclusivity and sustainable urban development.
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    Methods of Intellectual Property Valuation in Nigeria: Preference of Estate Surveyors and Valuers in Southwest, Nigeria.
    (Journal of Harbin Engineering University Vol 46 No. 7, 2025-06) Ibisola, A. S.; Ayedun, C. A.; OLOKE, Olayinka C.
    Estate Surveyors and Valuers (ESVs) are by laws, education and training recognised and adjudged as the most qualified professionals to determine the value of interests in property in Nigeria. In doing this, many processes and ingredients are necessary to be blended together to arrive at acceptable and market compliance value. One of such tools or ingredients are the methods of valuation adopted in the course of the valuation processes for different purposes and at a specific point in time. This study evaluates the preference of ESVs among the various methods of IP valuation in Nigeria. Total number of 247 questionnaires was used to elicit data from the practicing ESVs in Southwest, Nigeria. The data obtained were analysed with the use of Relative Importance Index (RII). It was found that the sampled ESVs preferred the use of Rule of Thumbs methods of IP valuation on the basis that the methods are very easy to use and devoid of rigorous calculations. Findings further showed that ESVs preferred the use of Discounted Cash Flow (DCF) and premium profits approaches as variants of income-based methods. The study therefore recommended the inclusion of valuation of IP in the valuation curricula of institutions offering Estate Management in the study area.
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    Perception Of Healing Architectural Elements In Women's Healthcare Facilities In Lagos, Nigeria
    (The ARCC Journal for Architectural Research volume 22 I issue 1, 2025) Babalola, Olatunde Daniel; Sef1a, Erumeuvoke
    This study looked at the use and influence of healing elements in the Women's Health Facilities (WHFs) architecture in Lagos, Nigeria. It investigated the extent to which healing architecture has been adopted and its implications on patient healing by assessing their perception and the perspectives of practitioners on its effect on patients. The study collected data from selected WHFs in Lagos using a questionnaire-based survey, allowing for an in-depth examination of the efficacy of healing architectural elements in enhancing patient and practitioner experiences. It employed structured questionnaires shared among 101 respondents out of the estimated 237 users in the seven WHFs by assessing the perceptions of two key respondent groups, patients and healthcare practitioners, on the effect of healing architectural elements. Data were analysed based on themes and statistical software (SPSS v26) for descriptive statistics. Findings revealed that most users were highly aware of the adopted healing elements, and practitioners reported significant effects of these elements on the patients' stress levels, blood pressure, heart rates, autonomic function, and mental engagement. Based on these findings, proposals for advancing the inclusion of healing elements in WHFs are given, including the use of natural elements, flexible spaces, colour and cultural sensitivity, and highlighted useful insights for future design considerations and healthcare practices.
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    Compliance of Accessibility Features of Selected Shopping Malls with Universal Design Strategies in Nigeria
    (Civil Engineering and Architecture 13(4), 2025) Sholanke, Anthony Babatunde; Adisa, Ololade Simbiat
    Shopping malls are public facilities that cater to all user groups. To achieve sustainable communities, shopping malls should be designed to meet the accessibility needs of all categories of users. This study assessed the compliance of accessibility features of selected shopping malls with universal design strategies in Nigeria to determine areas for improvement towards promoting inclusivity in the development of the built environment. The study adopted a qualitative research approach. Data from three shopping malls were collected using an observation guide, analysed through content analysis, and presented descriptively with photographs and a table to enhance understanding and provide clarity. The study discovered that while a majority of the accessibility strategies implemented in the malls were satisfactorily compliant with universal design strategies, some of the features did not meet universal design requirements. Key areas found to be lacking include accessibility features largely beneficial for people with disabilities, such as a lack of accessible car parks, slippery floor surfaces, and a lack of lower handrails where main handrails are provided along stairways and ramps for the benefit of people with short stature, and children. Others are the use of open risers, generally considered unsafe for users, and the absence of baby changing toilet facilities. The study suggests retrofitting the shopping malls with accessibility features found to be lacking, to cater for all user groups, including people with disabilities, without compromising the functionality and aesthetic appeal of the shopping malls. The article is beneficial for policymakers, designers, researchers, and students towards the study, planning, and development of safe, resilient, sustainable, and inclusive environments in conformity with the 11th target of the 17 sustainable development goals.
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    Evaluation of Fire Safety Management Strategies in Selected Shopping Malls in Abuja, Nigeria
    (F1000Research, 2025) Sholanke, A. B.; Dimuna. K. O.; Olukayode, B. G.
    Background Incessant incidences have led to losses of several lives and huge investments in many developing countries, particularly Nigeria. This study evaluated fire safety management strategies of selected shopping malls in the city of Abuja, Nigeria in order to identify specific areas that require improvement. Methods The research adopted a case study approach and analysis of data through qualitative means. An observation guide designed for the study was used to collect data. The data were content analysed and the findings reported in themes with the aid of tables and photographs to enhance clarity and understanding. Results The result revealed that the efficacy of active fire safety strategies of the shopping malls exhibited various levels of inadequacies. Fire prevention devices such as sprinklers, smoke detectors and drenchers were either not provided or sparsely provided. The prevalent fire mitigation devices found in the malls were fire extinguishers and fire buckets, which are grossly inadequate to prevent the rapid spread of large-scale fire. The passive fire safety measures of the malls also exhibited some levels of inadequacies. The study underscored the need for fire safety strategies in public buildings, particularly large scale commercial structures with high capacity of users, to be adequately provided and managed in adherence to standard practice and building code requirements. Conclusion The study recommends that building professionals should adapt innovative means to mitigate fire risk in the planning and development of commercial buildings. Also, making provisions to accommodate impulsive human behaviour during times of chaos should be a primary design consideration for building designers. The study emphasizes the need for further attention and improvement in fire safety management strategies implementation in commercial buildings, especially large-scale public facilities such as shopping malls, in order to appreciably guide against the devastating effect of fire in case of an occurrence.
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    An Assessment of the Implementation of Green Design Strategies in Selected Museums in Abuja, Nigeria
    (Civil Engineering and Architecture e 12(3A), 2024) Adewale, B. A.; Ene, Vincent Onyedikachi
    This study evaluates the implementation of green design strategies in selected museums in Abuja, Nigeria to inform sustainable approaches tailored to the local context. The qualitative study utilizes observational assessments of 3 major museums – Discovery Museum, Nike Art Gallery, and Retro Africa Gallery. A comparative analysis investigates the adoption of passive design, alternative energy, and water efficiency strategies based on a structured criterion aligned with global sustainability standards. The findings reveal a moderate integration of fundamental techniques like proper orientation, thermal mass walls, solar PV panels, and native drought-resistant plants across the museums. However, substantial gaps exist in implementing more comprehensive solutions like building insulation, greywater recycling, rain gardens, eco fixtures, and real-time metering. While initial steps have been taken, holistic opportunities remain to transform the museums into genuinely sustainable, net-zero facilities through extensive daylighting, diverse renewable systems, and total water recycling. The Retro Africa Gallery emerges as a leader, exemplifying an integrated green design approach. Recommendations are provided focused on state-of-the-art passive design, diversified alternative energy generation, and closed-loop water conservation strategies tailored to the contextual needs of Nigerian museums. The study concludes these institutions can become inspiring models of ecological design, leading broad climate action through pioneering sustainable architecture.
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    PREDICTION OF THE SPREAD OF MALARIA IN PLATEAU STATE: A MACHINE LEARNING APPROACH
    (Covenant University Ota, 2025-08) EGAH, Daniel Owhlama; Covenant University Dissertation
    Malaria remains a major public health concern in Plateau State, Nigeria, with seasonal surges driven by climatic, environmental, and socio-economic factors. Despite various control interventions, locally adapted predictive models are scarce, limiting proactive disease control measures. This study aimed to develop and evaluate machine learning models capable of forecasting malaria incidence across the state, thereby supporting targeted prevention and control strategies. Using a ten-year dataset (2014– 2023) covering confirmed malaria cases, rainfall, temperature, and relative humidity for all 17 Local Government Areas (LGAs) of Plateau State, the data were preprocessed through cleaning, normalization, and integration of climatic and epidemiological variables. Three supervised machine learning algorithms—Support Vector Machine (SVM), Random Forest (RF), and Extreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost)— were trained for both regression and classification tasks, and their performance was evaluated using Mean Squared Error (MSE), Coefficient of Determination (R2), accuracy, precision, recall, and F1-score. For classification, the Random Forest model achieved the highest accuracy (63.4%) with balanced precision and recall, followed by XGBoost, while SVM exhibited higher recall for class 0 but markedly lower performance for class 1. For regression, XGBoost outperformed all models, yielding the lowest MSE (554,539) and highest R2 (0.587), followed by Random Forest (R2 = 0.562), while SVM recorded a negative R2 (-0.037), indicating poor fit. The study concludes that tree-based ensemble models, particularly XGBoost, offer superior predictive capabilities for malaria incidence in Plateau State. It is recommended that such predictive models be integrated into the state’s malaria surveillance systems, retrained periodically with updated climatic and epidemiological data, and expanded to include socio-economic and intervention coverage variables for improved accuracy and operational relevance