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    Stakeholders’ perspectives on addressing climate change and respiratory health impacts in Nigeria
    (Pan African Medical Journal, 2025) Akinnola, Olayemi O.; Iseolorunkanmi, Alexander; Niyi-Odumosu, Faatihah; Akinnola, Olayemi O.; Ale, Boni Maxime; Adeloye, Davies; Ozoh, Obianuju Beatrice
    The impacts of climate change on respiratory health are increasingly becoming a significant challenge in Nigerian cities, particularly in Lagos and Ogun States. Engaging stakeholders in discussions about climate change and health is crucial for addressing these challenges. The climate change and respiratory health (C2Rest) Nigeria Study team facilitated a stakeholder engagement to discuss climate change and health impacts in Nigeria, aiming to explore feasible solutions relevant to research, policy, and practice. A stakeholder meeting was conducted on April 23rd, 2024, involving from Gardner´s climate change engagement pathways, which examine key drivers (8 questions), barriers (7 questions), and adaptation pathways (3 questions). Data were collected through note-taking, written contributions, audio and video recording, and subsequently transcribed and analysed thematically. A total of 42 registered participants, comprising government officials, academicians, healthcare professionals, community and religious leaders, attended the stakeholder engagement meeting. Participants made group presentations and submitted a total of 380 written contributions. There were varying views on the drivers of climate change, but there was consensus that the most vulnerable populations include the poor, homeless, pregnant women, children, the elderly, and individuals with underlying health conditions. An important barrier identified was the sociocultural belief that climate change is an act of God or spirits. Financial constraints were a recurrent theme in discussions about mitigation and adaptation to climate change. This report provides valuable information on the most vulnerable population to the effects of climate change in Nigeria and identifies sociocultural beliefs and financial constraints as key barriers to the adoption of effective mitigation and adaptation behaviors.
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    KNOWLEDGE AND PRACTICES OF HEALTHCARE WORKERS ON ARBOVIRAL INFECTIONS AND DIAGNOSTICS APPROACH IN OGUN STATE, SOUTHWEST NIGERIA
    (Open Journal of Medical Research, 2024) Ipadeola, A. F.; Akinnola, Olayemi O.; Kolawole, O. M.; Isere, E. E.; Attah, T. A.; Omenyi, I. O.; Afekelu, O. D.; Oreoluwa, A. A.; Oludare, I. T.; Adediran, A. S.; Olasehinde, G. I.
    Arboviral infections pose significant public health challenges in tropical and subtropical regions like Nigeria. However, these diseases are often undetected by healthcare workers (HCWs) due to the similarity in the presentation to other febrile illnesses like malaria. This study assessed the knowledge and diagnostic practices of HCWs on arboviral infections in Ogun State. A cross-sectional study was conducted among HCWs in selected secondary and tertiary health facilities in Ogun State from October 2022 to September 2023. A semi-structured questionnaire was administered to collect data on sociodemographic characteristics, knowledge of arboviral infections, and diagnostic practices. Stata was used to analyze the data at a 5% level of significance. Of the 96 participants included in the study, 59.4% were female, and 40.0% were ≥35 years old. Nurses constituted the largest cadre (41.7%) while medical doctors (24.0%) were the least represented. Most respondents (68.8%) had never heard of arboviral infections, and 81.3% demonstrated poor knowledge about arboviral infections and diagnosis. Only 6.3% of HCWs had previously suspected or diagnosed an arboviral infection, with clinical diagnosis being more common (66.7%) than laboratory testing (33.3%). Notably, 92.7% of all respondents had no prior training in arboviral infection diagnosis. Good knowledge and previous training received were significantly associated with the diagnosis of arboviral infections among HCWs (p<.05). There is a gap in the knowledge and diagnostic practices of HCWs in the detection of arboviral infections in Ogun State. Thus, comprehensive training programs may be significant in improving awareness, and diagnostic capabilities and enhancing prompt detection and management of arboviral infections in Ogun state
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    Epidemiological and Seasonal Patterns of Respiratory Diseases at a Community Health Facility in Southwest Nigeria: A Five-Year Retrospective Analysis
    (The Open Public Health Journal, 2025) Oshamika, Oyewumi Oluwaseun; Adebanjo, Ademola Oyeyemi; Onile-ere, Olabode Azeez; Akinnola, Olayemi O.; Eni, Angela Obiagel
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    Prevalence and associated risk factors of Staphylococcus aureus nasal colonization among a cohort of immunocompromised individuals in Lagos, Nigeria
    (BMC Infectious Diseases, 2025) Ogunleye, Bimpe O.; Oshamika, Oyewumi O.; Akinpelu, Sharon O.; Ajayi, Ayodeji S.; Akinduti, Paul A.; Oyedeji, Kolawole S.; Odeniy, Olalekan M.; Akinnola, Olayemi O.
    Background Immunocompromised individuals are highly vulnerable to Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) infections, leading to increased morbidity and mortality. This study aimed to assess the prevalence, virulence, and risk factors associated with S. aureus nasal carriage among immunocompromised individuals in Lagos, Nigeria. Methods A total of 350 participants were enrolled, including 150 HIV/AIDS cases, 50 HIV/TB co-infections, 100 diabetes cases, and 50 controls. Nasal swabs were collected and cultured on Mannitol salt agar for the isolation of Staphylococcus aureus. Presumptive isolates were confirmed using Gram staining, catalase, and coagulase tests. Antimicrobial susceptibility was determined using the Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method in accordance with CLSI guidelines. Molecular detection of resistance and virulence genes was performed using PCR targeting the mecA gene (methicillin resistance) and pvl (Panton-Valentine leukocidin). A structured questionnaire capturing clinical history and hygiene practices was used to evaluate risk factors for S. aureus carriage. Results The overall prevalence of S. aureus was 14.6% (51/350), S. aureus was isolated in 28% (14/50) of controls, 16.7% (25/150) of HIV/AIDS patients, 14% (7/50) of HIV/TB cases and 5% (5/100) of diabetes cases. Susceptibility to erythromycin was 80.4%, gentamycin, ciprofloxacin and Sulfamethoxazole-Trimethoprim (64.7%) among all S. aureus isolated. Methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) was detected in 78.4% (40/51) of isolates, predominantly among HIV/AIDS patients (52.5%). pvl genes were identified in 11.8% (6/51) of isolates. S. aureus carriage was significantly associated with recent antibiotic use (p = 0.003) and contact with animals (p = 0.018). Conclusion This study demonstrates a high prevalence of S. aureus among controls compared to immunocompromised individuals. These results highlight the need for further studies to elucidate the relationship between host factors and S. aureus colonization. This could inform targeted strategies for infection prevention and control.
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    Age-specific patterns of breast cancer in Nigerian women unraveled through histological analysis
    (Scientific Reports, 2025) Effiong, Magdalene Eno; Chinedu, Shalom Nwodo; Afolabi, Israel Sunmola; Ezike, Kevin Nwabueze; Oguntebi, Emmanuel Eyitayo; Abdul, Oluwasesan Adelowo; Achusi, Izuchukwu Benerdin; Benye, Tolulope Aanuoluwapo; Omunagbe, Mercy Bella; Ogbodo, Peace Nzubechukwu
    Sub-Saharan African women face a high burden of breast cancer, influenced by genetic and lifestyle factors. However, the lack of comprehensive, age-stratified data hinders the identification of risk factors and the development of effective, population-specific interventions. This study aimed to assess age-related variations in breast cancer prevalence among Nigerian women, providing insight into associated risk factors and disease trends. A retrospective review of 3,263 breast histopathology records (9.46% of total from 2015 to 2023) was conducted. Lesions—benign and malignant—were analyzed across five age groups: children and adolescents (0–19), young adults (20–39), middle-aged (40–59), higher-aged (60–79), and elderly (≥ 80), using MS Excel and GraphPad Prism 8.0. Statistical comparisons were performed by age and lesion type. Most cases were in young adults (45.97%) and middle-aged women (33.83%). The left breast was more commonly affected (46.86%) and had higher malignancy rates than the right (44.41%) or bilateral lesions (7.20%). Benign lesions were predominant (56.76%), especially among young adults (57.34%). Malignancy incidence increased with age, peaking in middle-aged women (53.30%). Fibroadenoma was the most frequent benign lesion in children and adolescents and young adults, while fibrosis predominated in middle age. Invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC) was the leading malignant subtype, with a sharp rise by 2023—particularly among middle-aged (172 cases) and young adult women (71 cases). Among 339 immunohistochemically profiled cases, triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC; 42.77%) and ER+/PR+ tumors (36.87%) were most common. TNBC was the only subtype detected in children and adolescents. Middle-aged women bore the highest burden of all subtypes, with a marked increase in TNBC and ER+/PR+ cases in 2023. The rising incidence of aggressive subtypes, particularly TNBC, highlights the need for enhanced molecular diagnostics and personalized therapies. Age-specific trends reinforce the urgency for targeted screening, especially for young and middle-aged Nigerian women.
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    Knowledge, practices, and perceptions towards malaria prevention and control among Residents of Canaanland and surrounding areas in Ota, Ogun State, Nigeria: a cross-sectional study
    (Frontiers in Tropical Diseases, 2025-10-13) Wakai, Theophilus N.; Fiamitia, Carrin; Kintung, Irrinus; Johngwe, Mac; Chinedu, Shalom; Afolabi, Israel S.
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    Exome sequencing in Nigerian children with early-onset epilepsy syndromes
    (Epilepsia Open, 2024-10-31) Ademuwagun, Ibitayo Abigail; Adam, Yagoub; Rotimi, Solomon Oladapo; Syrbe, Steffen; Radtke, Maximilian; Hentschel, Julia; Lemke, Johannes R.; Adebiyi, Ezekiel
    Objective: Nigeria, along with other Sub-Saharan African countries, bears the highest burden of epilepsy worldwide. This high prevalence is attributed to a combination of factors, including a significant incidence of infectious diseases, perinatal complications, and genetic etiologies. Genetic testing is rarely available and is not typically included in the routine diagnostic work-up for individuals with infantile and childhood epilepsy syndromes in these regions. Exome sequencing (ES) offers a diagnostic yield of 24%–62%, but these figures primarily reflect data from high-income countries (HICs) and may not be applicable to low-and middle-income countries (LMICs). In this study, we employed ES to investigate the genetic basis of early-onset epilepsy in 22 affected children from Nigeria. Methods: The study involved sampling of patients diagnosed with early-onset epilepsy syndromes at the Lagos State University Teaching Hospital (LASUTH) Neurology clinic. Venous blood samples were collected, and genomic DNA was isolated and purified. Molecular analysis included DNA fragmentation, ligation, target enrichment, library preparation, and whole-exome sequencing. Computational analysis involved variant calling, curation, and classification using specialized tools and databases. Results: Pathogenic variants were identified in 6 out of 22 individuals, equaling a diagnostic yield of 27.3% and comprising variants in BPTF, NAA15, SCN1A, TUBA1A and twice in CACNA1A. Significance: In this study, we present the first exome study on early-onset epilepsy syndromes from West Africa, facilitated by a Nigerian-German research collaboration. Our findings reveal a genetic diagnostic yield comparable to that of HICs. The integration of genomic medicine into epilepsy management in Nigeria holds promising prospects for improving patient care and reducing mortality rates
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    Screening of Germline BRCA1 and BRCA2 Variants in Nigerian Breast Cancer Patients
    (Technology in Cancer Research & Treatment Volume 24, 2025) Onyia, Abimbola F.; Jibrin, Paul; Olatunji-Agunbiade, Temitope; Oyekan, Ademola; Lawal, AbdulRazzaq; Alabi, Adewumi; Sowunmi, Anthonia C.; Aje, Eben A.; Ogunniyi, Oluwabusayo B; Nkom, Ebenezer S.; De Campos, Opeyemi C.; Rotimi, Oluwakemi A.; Oyelade, Jelili O.; Rotimi, Solomon O.
    Background: Breast cancer remains a leading cause of mortality among Nigerian women, with triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) being particularly prevalent. Variations in BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes remain key risk factors for this disease. However, there are gaps in the frequency and spectrum of these variants in Nigerian populations, as well as a dearth in the local capacity to characterize these variations. Objective: This study aimed at identifying and characterizing the germline variations in BRCA1/2 in Nigerian breast cancer patients and healthy age-matched controls to understand the genetic risk profile of breast cancer in this population. Methods: A prospective case-control study was conducted involving 45 breast cancer patients and 51 controls recruited from four major hospitals. DNA was extracted from blood samples, followed by targeted sequencing of BRCA1/2 exonic and intronic regions using the Ampliseq BRCA panel and Illumina MiSeq platform. Variant calling was performed, clinical significance was evaluated on ClinVar and BRCA Exchange databases, and haplotype analysis was performed using NIH LDlink and Haploview 4.2 software. Results: Pathogenic BRCA1/2 variants were identified in 6.7% of breast cancer patients, all with TNBC and a family history of cancer. Two pathogenic BRCA1 variants were detected: a frameshift deletion BRCA1 c.133_134delAA (p.Lys45 fs) (rs397508857) and a missense variant BRCA1 c.5324T >A (p.Met1775Arg) (rs41293463). A BRCA2 frameshift deletion BRCA2 c.8817_8820del (p.Lys2939 fs) (rs397508010) was also identified. These variants were absent in controls. Haplotype analysis revealed distinct BRCA1 and BRCA2 haplotypes in the breast cancer group. Conclusion: This study identifies key BRCA1/2 pathogenic variants and unique haplotypes in Nigerian breast cancer patients, highlighting the need for population-specific genetic screening. Integrating genetic testing into breast cancer management strategies could facilitate early detection, personalized treatment planning, and genetic counseling in Nigeria.
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    Modelling and Prediction of Satellite Signal Path Loss using the ARIMA models at Ku-band in Lagos State, South Western Nigeria
    (ICSSD 2024 (IOP Conf. Series: Earth and Environmental Science), 2025) Arijaje, T. E.; Omotosho, T. V; Aizebeokhai, A. P.; Akinwumi S. A.; Oyeyemi, K. D.
    Satellite signal path loss is the reduction of signal strength between the transmitting satellite and the receiving antennas on the earth surface. It is cause by effects such as reflection, free space loss, diffraction, refraction and absorption. It is also cause as a results of the environment, terrain contours, medium of propagation, height of antennas location and transmitting distance between the transmitter and receiver. Several methods such as the traditional methods and machine learning techniques have been explored. However, statistical method of path loss prediction has been completely utilized. In this work, prediction of path loss using the autoregressive integrated moving average (ARIMA) technique was considered. Four different ARIMA models at Ku-band were explored using eight years in Lagos State. The method consists of some steps in the run time analysis: the first stage involved identifying the ARIMA model by creating an Autocorrelation Function (ACF) and Partial Autocorrelation Function (PACF) plots and checking if the data are stationary. The second stage involved estimating the ARIMA model, which consists in testing the parameters' significance after obtaining the model's parameters. The ARIMA model is adopted if the parameters are significant. The third stage involved diagnostic checking, in which a test was carried out to see if the adopted model was statistically significant. The fourth stage involves predicting the path loss after the diagnostic process using the adopted or selected ARIMA model. From the analysis, it can be concluded that the best ARIMA model for path loss prediction in Lagos at Ku-band is ARIMA (1,0,0). The ARIMA (1,0,0) model is a better path loss prediction model than the other ARIMA models, indicating that the model parameters are significant at 0.05 with the slightest MSE error, thereby meeting the test of independence. Therefore, for sitting and planning of radio signal propagation technologies in the study location, policy-makers and engineers in telecommunication industry in Nigeria can take advantage of the results within the area of study towards sustainable tele-communication and infrastructure (SDG goal 9).
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    Path Loss Prediction on Earth-Space Link Using Statistical and Time Series Approach at Ka-Band in Abuja, North Central Nigeria
    (ICSAEES-2024, Lagos, Nigeria, 2024) Arijaje, T. E.; Omotosho, T. V.; Aizebeokhai, A. P.
    Predictive path loss modelling is essential in designing wireless communication systems. However, the empirical methods of path loss prediction are inaccurate as the empirical models cannot be implemented outside the area or region where they are developed. This study focuses on improving the prediction of path loss using statistical approaches such as multiple linear regression (MLR) and time series models using eight (2014 – 2021) data retrieved from the global precipitation measuring mission (GPM) at Ka-band. The step-wise selected method was adopted for the multiple linear regression (MLR). In the exponential smoothing method, weighting is carried out exponentially, decreasing in the direction of the older values. The MLR analysis revealed that the MLR model performs well, with an accuracy of 99.52%. The R2 value of 99.52% indicated a strong correlation between the estimated and predicted path loss in the model. PL = 18.706 0.98459 − Pr +1.60027Pt + 0.99808Gr The P-value of the regression model is 0.000, indicating that the model estimated by the MLR procedure is statistically significant at a level of 0.05. Also, the results showed that the transmitted antenna gain is the most contributed predictor in the path loss with a value of 1.60027 dB. Likewise, the results from the exponential smoothing models revealed that the single exponential smoothing (SES) model performs better than the double exponential smoothing model with a mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) of 14.47%, indicating that the model's performance is good because the MAPE value falls within 10 – 20%. The mean absolute deviation (MAD), mean square deviation (MSD), and smoothing constant are 0.3215, 0.2313, and 0.9685, respectively. Striking a balance, the application of MLR and the SES models will improve wireless communication systems in Abuja, the North Central region of Nigeria, at Ka-band. Therefore, engineers and policymakers in the Nigerian telecommunication industry should assess the impacts of path loss within the study locations towards sustainable telecommunications and infrastructure (SDG goal 9) for planning and setting radiowave propagation technologies in the study locations and Nigeria at large.