Cement-based concrete modified with Vitellaria Paradoxa ash: A lifecycle assessment
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Elsevier Ltd
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Building sustainable concrete requires an increasing demand for technology, innovation, and alternative binders
to cement. The building sector is technologically driven toward sustainable construction materials and their
relationship with the environment. Thus, this study designed three grades of cement-based concrete strengths (C
25, C 30, and C 40) modified with an alternative binder, shea nutshell ash (Vitellaria Paradoxa Ash, VPA). The
binder (VPA) was varied at 0–20 wt% of Portland limestone cement (PLC) cured at 28 days, examining the
compressive strength cost attained sustainability. Moreover, the embodied energy (EE), global warming potential
(GWP) and global temperature potential (GTP) of the concrete compositions were evaluated using the inventory
of carbon and energy (ICE) method within the confine of cradle-to-site. Also, the sustainability index (Si) and
economic index (Ei) of the concrete mixes were assessed. The results revealed that VPA-cement-based concrete
yielded a lesser EE, GWP, GTP, Si, and Eci than the control concrete (Portland limestone cement concrete, PLCC),
indicating VPA-cement-based concrete is more sustainable than PLCC. Notwithstanding, an optimum replacement
of 15 wt% PLC with VPA is recommended to satisfy all assessments earlier stated for all concrete strength
grades. Therefore, these findings can be beneficial in attaining a cleaner built environment and sustainable
production. Finally, VPA has proved to be a sustainable building material.
Keywords
TA Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General)